Table 3.

 East Africa 1968 pandemic influenza A (H3N2) articles included in review

Article and study type	Location	Time period	Specimen collection definition	Outcome measured	Population	Pandemic H3N2 attack rate
• Montefiore D, et al., Trop Geogr Med. 1970 Mixed study design	Multiple locations in Uganda including prison, university, clinics, and hospitals	May 1969 to February 1970	Undefined ILI among symptomatic persons No symptoms reported among single serology	Symptomatic influenza virus infection by culture AND/Or paired serology; and evidence of past influenza virus infection by single serology	88 symptomatic prisoners with culture AND/OR paired serology	100% viral culture (2/2), and 76% paired serology (67/88)
					12 symptomatic students with culture AND/OR paired serology	25% viral culture (4/12), and 100% paired serology (11/11)
					89 random dispensary patrons with single serology (at beginning of first pandemic wave)	0% (0/89)
					115 convenience sample of patients with blood drawn as part of unrelated study with single serology	17% (19/115)
					73 randomly selected staff embers and patients attending outpatient clinic with single serology	22% (16/73)
					49 randomly selected patients and staff at hospital in isolated community with single serology	9% (4/49)
					12 symptomatic patients with paired serology	42% (5/12)
• Montefiore D, et al.,Bull World Health Organ. 1970 Cross‐Sectional Survey	Hospitals in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda (two sites)	January to February 1970	None reported	Evidence of past influenza virus infection by single serology	Randomly selected hospital patients with single serology	Kenya 37% (21/57); Tanzania 72% (65/90); Uganda 22% (16/73) and 8% (4/49)
• Salim AR. Bull World Health Organ. 1971 Prospective Cohort	University, Sudan	January 1970	Undefined ILI	Symptomatic influenza virus infection by culture AND/OR paired serology	33 symptomatic students with viral culture AND/OR paired serology	27% viral culture (9/33); and 72% paired serology (18/25)
• Salim AR, Trop Geogr Med, 1974 Prospective Cohort	University and community, Sudan	Paired serology January to February 1970 Single serology May 1970	For paired sera undefined ILI, and for complement fixing antibodies “blood draw for any clinical reason”	Symptomatic influenza virus infection by culture AND/Or paired serology; and evidence of past influenza virus infection by single serology	50 symptomatic students with paired serology	74% (37/50)
					192 convenience sample had single serology tested by complement fixation	64% (123/192)
• Anderson N, Trop Geogr Med, 1972 Cross‐Sectional Survey	Northern Kenya	July to August 1970	None reported	Evidence of past influenza virus infection by single serology	144 persons from two separate isolated villages	41% (59/144)

Paired serology, acute and convalescent sera; single serology, cross‐sectional single serum; ILI, influenza‐like illness. Geographic categories are based on United Nations geographic subregions. ⁴⁹