Table 1.
Sample characteristics and bivariate associations with FES(S) scores (n = 154).
| Total sample | Spearman correlations with FES(S) scores | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age, years | 70 (9.1) | −0.24 | 0.003 | ||
| Mean (SD) PD duration, years | 6 (5.4) | −0.42 | <0.001 | ||
| Fatigue (FACIT-F), median (q1–q3) | 36 (27–42) | 0.67 | <0.001 | ||
| Physical function (PF), median (q1–q3) | 65 (40–84) | 0.79 | <0.001 | ||
| Pain (NHP), median (q1–q3) | 0 (0–25) | −0.50 | <0.001 | ||
| Walk-12G, median (q1–q3) | 13 (6–23) | −0.82 | <0.001 | ||
|
| |||||
| n/total | % | Median (q1–q3) FES(S) scores | P-valuea | ||
|
| |||||
| Dichotomous variables | No | Yes | |||
|
| |||||
| Education: university degree | 37/153 | 24 | 115 (69–130) | 112 (70–130) | 0.941 |
| Living alone | 38/150 | 25 | 119 (80–130) | 96 (55–130) | 0.125 |
| Comorbidity | 77/142 | 50 | 107 (60–130) | 120 (74–130) | 0.271 |
| Motor fluctuations | 90/152 | 58 | 124 (86–130) | 104 (64–128) | 0.010 |
| Dyskinesia | 57/153 | 37 | 124 (85–130) | 93 (53–117) | <0.001 |
| Freezing of gaitb | 57/152 | 37 | 128 (112–130) | 69 (47–101) | <0.001 |
| Turning hesitationsc | 58/150 | 38 | 128 (113–130) | 69 (48–102) | <0.001 |
| Experienced falls | 50/149 | 33 | 123 (90–130) | 81 (44–113) | <0.001 |
| Experienced near falls | 69/147 | 45 | 129 (111–130) | 84 (52–115) | <0.001 |
| Needing help from others in daily activities | 42/153 | 27 | 124 (104–130) | 59 (35–91) | <0.001 |
| Sex, women | 62/152 | 41 | Women 116 (52–130) |
Men 112 (77–130) |
0.407 |
Possible score ranges: FACIT-F, 0–52 (higher = better); PF, 0–100 (higher = better); NHP-Pain, 0–100 (higher = worse); Walk-12G, 0–42 (higher = worse); FES(S), 0–130 (higher = better).
aMann Whitney U-test.
bAs assessed by item 3 (“freezing”) of the FOGQsa (Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, self-administered version). Those scoring ≥1 were categorized as freezers.
cAs assessed by item 6 (“turning hesitations”) of the FOGQsa. Those scoring ≥1 were categorized as having turning hesitations.
FACIT-F: the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale; FES(S): the Swedish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale; NHP: the Nottingham Health Profile; PD: Parkinson's disease; SD: standard deviation; q1–q3: first and third quartiles.