Table 4.
Summary of protocols for tannase purification.
| Source | Production system | Extra-/intra-cellular | Operations | Purification factor | Recovery yield (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspergillus awamori | SmF | Extracellular | Aluminum oxide treatment, ultrafiltration (30 and 100 kDa), and gel filtration (Sephadex G-200). | 6.32 | 0.51 | [37] |
| Aspergillus flavus | SmF | Intracellular | Ammonium sulfate and tannic acid precipitation, ionic exchange (DEAE-cellulose), gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-200), and acetone fractionation. | 31 | 49 | [73] |
| Aspergillus foetidus | SmF | Extracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation and ATPS extraction | 2.7 | 82.5 | [26] |
| Aspergillus heteromorphus | SmF | Extracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation and ionic exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose) | 39.7 | 19.3 | [7] |
| Aspergillus niger | SmF | Intracellular | Ultrafiltration (100 and 200 kDa) and high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (SW 300). | 29.1 | 15.1 | [59] |
| Aspergillus niger | SmF | Intracellular | Concentration with PEG 6000, ionic exchange (DEAE-Sephadex), and gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-150). | 29 | 2.7 | [76] |
| Aspergillus niger | SmF | Intracellular | Gel filtration (Sephadex G-150) and ionic exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sephadex). | 51 | 20 | [151] |
| Aspergillus niger | SSF | Extracellular | Ultrafiltration (1 kDa), ionic exchange (DEAE-cellulose), and gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S-300). | 46 | 0.3 | [31] |
| Aspergillus oryzae | SmF | Extracellular | Ionic exchange (DEAE-Sephadex), gel filtration (Sephadex G100), ultracentrifugation. | 12.8 | 11.5 | [69] |
| Candida sp. | SmF | Extracellular | Pervaporation, rivanol precipitation, ionic exchange (ECTEOLA-cellulose), ultrafiltration, and gel filtration chromatography (Sepharose 6B and Sephadex G200). | 613 | 7.3 | [78] |
| Enterobacter sp. | SmF | Intracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation, ionic exchange (DEAE-cellulose) and gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-100). | 162 | 7.1 | [39] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum in E. coli | SmF | Intracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation and three ionic exchange chromatographic steps (Q Sepharose, Hydroxyapatite, and Mono Q columns). | 11.2 | 4.8 | [40] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum in E. coli | SmF | Intracellular | Affinity chromatography (poorly activated nickel chelate supports). | 15 | 95 | [27] |
| Paecilomyces variotii | SmF | Extracellular | Activated charcoal treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ionic exchange (DEAE-cellulose), and gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-200). | 30.5 | 17.6 | [152] |
| Paecilomyces variotii | SSF | Extracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation and ionic exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose). | 19.3 | 3 | [34] |
| Penicillium chrysogenum | SmF | Intracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation, ionic exchange (DEAE-cellulose), and gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-200). | 24 | 18.5 | [80] |
| Penicillium variable | SmF | Extracellular | Ultrafiltration (100 kDa) and gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-200). | 135 | 91 | [32] |
| Verticillium sp. (TAH 1) | SmF | Extracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation and ionic exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose). | 7.9 | 1.6 | [12] |
| Verticillium sp. (TAH 2) | SmF | Extracellular | Ammonium sulfate precipitation and ionic exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose). | 10.5 | 0.9 | [12] |