Table 5.

Reports of endovascular management for blunt traumatic vertebral artery injury

Author and year	Title of study	Study design	Number of patients and level of evidence	Type of intervention	Outcome	Comments
Price et al. 1998 [45]	Traumatic vertebral arterial dissection and vertebrobasilar arterial thrombosis successfully treated with endovascular thrombolysis and stenting	Case report	1	Endovascular thrombolysis and stenting followed by oral anticoagulation with warfarin	No neurological deficits, patient returned to employment	3 months
Lee et al. 2007 [23]	Therapeutic endovascular treatments for traumatic vertebral Artery injuries	Retrospective analysis	6	3 stented, 1 coil embolisation, 2 had stent-assisted coil embolisation	3 improved neurologically, 3 stayed stable with no new neurological deficits	Follow-up 16-55 months
Wang and Orbach 2008 [17]	Traumatic dissecting aneurysm at the vertebrobasilar junction in a 3-month-old infant: evaluation and treatment strategies.	Case report	1	Coil embolisation	Full neurological recovery	3 months
Stein et al. 2009 [24]	Blunt cerebrovascular injuries: does treatment always matter?	Two part study—retrospective analysis then prospective follow-up	6	Coil embolisation. 4 patients had anticoagulation afterwards.	Unspecified	Endovascular technique used in high-grade TVAI and where medical therapy was unsuitable