Table 1.

The Effect of Desiccation on Tear Inflammatory Cytokine Production

Gene	Control (pg/mm)		DE (pg/mm)		Relative Fold Increase (DE/Ctrl)†
	Day 1*	Day 6*	Day 1*	Day 6*
IL-4	2.36 ± 0.19	1.80 ± 0.16	2.00 ± 0.24	7.04 ± 0.61	4.60**
IL-5	1.32 ± 0.11	1.06 ± 0.08	1.15 ± 0.12	4.42 ± 0.28	4.79***
IL-6	7.95 ± 0.56	5.81 ± 0.43	6.90 ± 0.71	26.67 ± 1.86	5.29***
IL-12 (p70)	7.32 ± 0.45	5.76 ± 0.44	6.43 ± 0.64	22.50 ± 1.37	4.45***
IL-13	78.63 ± 6.18	57.42 ± 6.37	70.43 ± 8.02	245.48 ± 21.09	4.77***
IL-17	2.56 ± 0.18	1.91 ± 0.17	2.21 ± 0.26	8.24 ± 0.38	4.99***
IFN-γ	19.71 ± 1.51	14.90 ± 1.20	17.04 ± 1.95	65.35 ± 4.10	5.07***
TNF-α	8.46 ± 0.92	4.96 ± 0.98	6.84 ± 1.37	20.66 ± 2.18	5.15**
IL-1β	21.18 ± 1.94	17.55 ± 1.97	17.78 ± 1.71	68.40 ± 7.46	4.64***

Tear cytokines of scopolamine-treated groups (dry eye [DE]) and control groups (Ctrl) were measured by Luminex kit. A representative of four independent experiments is shown.

^*Data are shown as mean ± SE of the cytokine concentration (picogram) per millimeter of the wetted length of tear threads for each mouse, n = 6 for DE and n = 9 for controls.

^†Two-tailed unequal-variance Student's t-tests were used to compare the ratio of each cytokine measurement between treated mice at day 6 vs. day 1 and those of the untreated mice,

^**P < 0.05,

^***P < 0.01.