Table 1.
Subject Characteristics and Composition of Experimental Groups
| Animal ID | Sex | Age at Start (y) | Body Weight (kg)* | Duration of Supplementation (wk)† | n–3 Fatty Acid Status | Total Serum Xanthophylls at 24 wk (nanomoles/L) | Integrated MPOD at 24 wk (OD · mm)‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zeaxanthin Supplemented | |||||||
| 586 | M | 11.0 | 12.3 | 22 (15, 7) | Low | 631.8 | 0.044 |
| 398 | M | 14.8 | 11.1 | 22 (15, 7) | Adequate | 841.3 | 0.030 |
| 224 | F | 16.4 | 8.2 | 28 | Low | 1995.8 | 0.060 |
| 217 | F | 16.5 | 6.5 | 28 | Adequate | 536.8 | 0.038 |
| Mean | 14.7 | 9.5 | 1001.4 | 0.043 | |||
| SEM | 1.3 | 1.3 | 337.5 | 0.006 | |||
| Lutein Supplemented | |||||||
| 636 | M | 9.7 | 11.5 | 22 (15, 7) | Low | 860.6 | 0.040 |
| 463 | M | 13.3 | 12.0 | 22 (15, 7) | Adequate | 387.2 | 0.056 |
| 362 | F | 13.8 | 6.4 | 28 | Low | 809.6 | 0.079 |
| 397 | M | 13.4 | 8.6 | 28 | Adequate | 851.8 | 0.054 |
| Mean | 12.6 | 9.6 | 727.3 | 0.057 | |||
| SEM | 1.0 | 1.3 | 113.9 | 0.008 | |||
| Stock Diet Controls | |||||||
| 410 | F | 14.9 | 7.4 | 0 | Adequate | 73.9 | 0.060 |
| 415 | F | 14.9 | 6.3 | 0 | Adequate | 68.6 | 0.102 |
| 546 | F | 11.4 | 5.5 | 0 | Adequate | 109.1 | 0.118 |
| 402 | F | 13.8 | 5.1 | 0 | Adequate | 105.6 | 0.102 |
| Mean | 13.8 | 6.1 | 89.3 | 0.095 | |||
| SEM | 0.8 | 0.5 | 10.5 | 0.012 | |||
*
Body weight at time of blue light exposures.
†
Weeks of xanthophyll supplementation prior to blue light exposures. Values in parentheses indicate number of weeks of daily supplementation, followed by number of weeks of supplementation 4 days/week. These differences in schedules of supplementation were due to limitations in supply of purified Z.53 MPOD levels were stable after 8 weeks.51
‡
Please note that the integrated values listed in this paper are much lower than those previously published51 because a scaling factor of 0.02 was inadvertently omitted from the integrated values in the earlier paper.