Table 1 . Seven characters of P. sativum examined by Mendel and a summary of the genes, phenotypes, and presumed mutations involved.

Trait	Dominant phenotype	Recessive phenotype	Symbol group	Linkage group	Cloned	Gene function	Molecular nature of mutation
Seed shape	Round	Wrinkled	R	V	Yes	Starch branching enzyme 1	0.8-kb insertion
Stem length	Tall	Dwarf	LE	III	Yes	GA 3-oxidase1	G-to-A substitution
Cotyledon color	Yellow	Green	I	I	Yes	Stay-green gene	6-bp insertion
Seed coat/flower color	Purple	White	A	II	Yes	bHLH transcription factor	G-to-A at splice site
Pod color	Green	Yellow	GP	V	No	Chloroplast structure in pod wall	Unknown
Pod form	Inflated	Constricted	V?	III	No	Sclerenchyma formation in pods	Unknown
Position of flowers	Axial	Terminal	FA	IV	No	Meristem function	Unknown

References are given in the text.