Epistatic relationships between ric8 and Gα genes. (A) Phenotypes of Gα deletion and Δric8 strains. Strains were inoculated on VM plates and cultured for 1 day at 25° (“Plate Colony” and “Colony Edge”) and in VM liquid for 16 hr at 30° with shaking (“Submerged Culture”). Strains used for analysis were wild type (FGSC 2489), Δric8 (R81a), Δgna-1 (3B10), Δgna-2 (a29-1), Δgna-3 (43c2), Δgna-1 Δgna-3 (Δgna-1/3, g1.3), and Δgna-1 Δgna-2 Δgna-3 (Δgna-1/2/3, noa). Submerged Culture and Colony Edge photos were taken at ×400 and ×560 magnification, respectively. (B) Phenotypes after introduction of GTPase-deficient, constitutively activated Gα alleles (indicated by asterisks) into the Δric8 background. Strains used for analysis were Δric8 (R81a), Δric8 gna-1Q204L (R81*), Δric8 gna-2Q205L (R82*), Δric8 gna-3Q208L (R83*), and Δric8 gna-1Q204L gna-3Q208L (R81*3*). Culture conditions are as described in A.