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. 2011 Aug 10;11:236. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-236

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Copyright ©2011 Iwata et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fertilization success by consort and sneaker sperm. (a-c) Mature oocytes were inseminated without sperm as a negative control (a), with sperm from consort spermatophores (b) and from sneaker spermatophores (c), and then cultured 48 hours and stained with DAPI. (d) A DIC image of developing embryos after 24 hours of insemination: arrowheads point to the animal pole where cleavage planes appear along with the animal-vegetal axis. (e, f) Fertilization rates in oocytes from eight females (1-8) inseminated with sperm from consort (e) or sneaker (f) spermatophores. Each colour-coded line represents one male.