Table 3.
Mean ± SE of neuropsychological tests for the groups of participants (CD: contemporary dance, N = 16; fall: fall prevention, N = 67; Tai: Tai Chi Chuan, N = 27).
| CD | Fall | Tai | CD vs. fall | CD vs. tai | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | F | P | ||||
| AWP low accuracy (/1) | |||||||
| Pre-test | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 0.82 ± 0.04 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 1.10 | 0.296 | 1.72 | 0.197 |
| Post-test | 0.69 ± 0.10 | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | ||||
| AWP high accuracy (/1) | |||||||
| Pre-test | 0.37 ± 0.12 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | <1 | – | 1.12 | 0.296 |
| Post-test | 0.31 ± 0.12 | 0.45 ± 0.06 | 0.41 ± 0.10 | ||||
| Stroop interference ratio (/1) | |||||||
| Pre-test | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 1.35 | 0.248 | 1.42 | 0.240 |
| Post-test | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | ||||
| Stroop interference rate (%) | |||||||
| Pre-test | 3.29 ± 1.79 | 2.10 ± 0.88 | 2.34 ± 1.38 | 1.18 | 0.280 | <1 | – |
| Post-test | 6.65 ± 2.57 | 1.98 ± 1.25 | 2.41 ± 1.98 | ||||
| Rule shift score (/4) | |||||||
| Pre-test | 2.19 ± 0.28 | 3.03 ± 0.13 | 3.15 ± 0.21 | 3.82 | 0.054 | 1.46 | 0.234 |
| Post-test | 2.69 ± 0.29* | 2.97 ± 0.14 | 3.26 ± 0.22 | ||||
| Rule shift switch ER (%) | |||||||
| Pre-test | 43.7 ± 7.50 | 19.4 ± 3.67 | 16.0 ± 5.77 | 4.25 | 0.042 | 3.35 | 0.074 |
| Post-test | 27.1 ± 8.01* | 21.2 ± 3.91 | 15.6 ± 6.17 | ||||
ANOVAs’ F and P values for the interaction between Group (CD vs. fall or CD vs. Tai) and Period (pre- vs. post-test). Asterisks indicate statistical significant difference (NK, P < 0.05) between pre- and post-test periods. AWP low/high: arithmetic word problems with low/high planning demand.