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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Sch Psychol. 2011 Oct 1;49(5):597–612. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2011.06.001

Figure 1. Family processes: A model of early school achievement.

Figure 1

Dashed lines represent pathways hypothesized to be statistically significantly different by socioeconomic group status (with the direction of effect noted by the plus and minus symbols). All dashed pathways are hypothesized to be stronger (in a positive or negative direction) in the Disadvantaged group relative to the Advantaged group.