Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and response format
| Variables | 1995 (N = 618) | Response format |
|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | ||
| Degree of adoption of culturally and lingjuistically competent practices, M (SD) | 40.93 (10.67) | Rasch composite measure of 14 practices considered culturally responsive (ranges from 0 to 100) |
| Independent variables | ||
| Public revenue, M (SD) | 55.8 (37.0) | % of total budget in last fiscal year |
| Revenue for minority services (%) | 5.1 | 1 = Unit has specific revenue to serve minority clients 0 = Unit does not have specific revenue to serve minority clients |
| State license (%) | 92.3 | 1 = Unit has a state license 0 = Unit does not have a state license |
| City license (%) | 15.5 | 1 = Unit has a city license 0 = Unit does not have a city license |
| Accreditation (TJC) (%) | 24.6 | 1 = Unit has TJC accreditation 0 = Unit does not have TJC accreditation |
| Staff with graduate degree, M (SD) | 32.8 (32.9) | Percentage of treatment staff with a graduate degree |
| Manager’s cultural sensitivity, M (SD) | 55.6 (20.0) | Rasch composite measure of six beliefs regarding the service needs of Latinos and African Americans (ranges from 0 to 100) |
| Control variables | ||
| Client racial/ethnic diversity | ||
| High – Latino/a (%) | 17.7 | 1 = > 30% of total clients are Latino/a 0 = < 30% of total clients are Latino/a |
| Medium – Latino/a (%) | 33.8 | 1 = 6% to 30% of total clients are Latino/a 0 = 6% to 30% of total clients are not Latino/a |
| Low – Latino/a (referent) (%) | 48.5 | 1 = < 6% of total clients are Latino/a 0 = > 6% of total clients are Latino/a |
| High – African American (%) | 24 | 1 = > 40% of total clients are African American 0 = < 40% of total clients are African American |
| Medium – African American (%) | 33.5 | 1 = 10% to 40% of total clients are African American 0 = 10% to 40% of total clients are not African American |
| Low – African American (referent) (%) | 42.5 | 1 = < 10% of total clients are African American 0 = > 10% of total clients are African American |
| Organizational structure | ||
| Unit size (number of clients), M (SD) | 347 (754) | Number of total clients served past fiscal year (logarithm and mean-centered in analyses) |
| Staffing resources, M (SD) | 0.2 (0.2) | Ratio of staff to clients (logarithm and mean-centered in analyses) |
| Service comprehensiveness, M (SD) | 12.1 (6.4) | Ranges from 0 to 26 |
| Methadone (%) | 20.7 | 1 = Unit is a methadone provider 0 = Unit is not a methadone provider |
| Urban unit (%) | 48.9 | 1 = Unit is within metropolitan area 0 = Unit is not within metropolitan area |
| Ownership | ||
| For-profit (%) | 13.9 | 1 = Unit is for-profit 0 = Unit is not for-profit |
| Nonprofit (%) | 62.3 | 1 = Unit is nonprofit 0 = Unit is not nonprofit |
| Public (referent) (%) | 23.8 | 1 = Unit is public 0 = Unit is not public |
| Affiliation | ||
| Hospital (%) | 18.3 | 1 = Unit is affiliated with hospital 0 = Unit is not affiliated with hospital |
| Mental health facility (%) | 22.5 | 1 = Unit is affiliated with mental health center 0 = Unit is not affiliated with mental health center |
| Free-standing unit (referent) (%) | 59.2 | 1 = Unit is free standing 0 = Unit is not free standing |
Note: TJC = The Joint Commission