Table 2.

Impact of regulation, professionalism, and cultural sensitivity on degree of adoption

	Degree of adoption of culturally and linguistically competent practices
	Model 1 β (SE)	Model 2 β (SE)	Model 3 β (SE)
Independent variables
% public revenue	3.49 (1.24)**	3.36 (1.22)**	3.11 (1.22)*
Revenue for minority services	5.00 (1.43)**	4.93 (1.47)**	4.94 (1.50)**
State license	−1.09 (1.57)	−0.82 (1.50)	−0.70 (1.45)
City license	4.86 (1.02)***	4.63 (0.98)***	4.40 (0.98)***
Accreditation (TJC)	1.25 (1.35)	1.53 (1.36)	1.66 (1.36)
Staff with graduate degree	--	−0.05 (0.01)***	−0.05 (0.01)***
Manager’s cultural sensitivity		--	0.06 (0.02)**
Control variables
Client racial/ethnic & gender diversity
High, Latinoa	7.48 (1.27)***	7.10 (1.25)***	7.40 (1.26)***
Medium, Latinoa	0.76 (0.92)	1.07 (0.92)	0.94 (0.92)
High, African Americanb	4.87 (0.98)***	4.79 (0.97)***	4.65 (0.97)***
Low, African Americanb	0.71 (0.99)	0.87 (0.98)	0.79 (0.97)
Unit structure
Unit size (number of clients)	0.39 (0.41)	0.47 (0.40)	0.50 (0.40)
Staff resources	4.10 (3.55)	3.48 (3.47)	3.47 (3.47)
Service comprehensiveness	0.23 (0.06)***	0.24 (0.06)***	0.20 (0.06)**
Methadone provision	1.85 (1.08)	1.07 (1.07)	1.33 (1.06)
Urban setting	−2.12 (0.88)**	−1.84 (0.87)*	−1.5051
Ownership
For-profitc	−1.09 (1.74)	−0.96 (1.72)	−0.99 (1.70)
Nonprofitc	0.74 (0.93)	0.44 (0.92)	0.46 (0.92)
Affiliation
Hospitald	−0.22 (1.45)	−0.22 (1.46)	−0.49 (1.47)
Mental health facilityd	0.24 (0.96)	0.63 (0.96)	0.43 (0.96)
Constant	33.39 (2.22)***	34.94 (2.24)***	32.12 (2.34)***
R-Square	0.287	0.303	0.314
Observation	618	618	618

Note: Nonstandardized parameter estimates, with standard errors in parentheses from two-tailed test.

TJC = The Joint Commission

^aUnits with low percentage (< 5%) of Latino clients is the referent.

^bUnits with low percentage (< 10%) of African American clients is the referent.

^cPublic is the referent.

^dFree-standing unit is the referent.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001