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Three-state model for the channelrhodopsin photocycle. Upon photoabsorption, molecules in the closed state gc undergo a fast transition into the open state gChR2. After for some time, molecules spontaneously turn into the recovering state gr where the ion channels are closed, but the molecules are not yet ready to photoswitch again. After a recovery period, the molecules finally return to the closed state gc, ready to undergo a new photocycle when subjected to light.
