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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Rev. 2011 Sep;30(5):458–465. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00295.x

Table 4.

Estimated effects of per capita alcohol consumption on homicide rates. Fixed effect models (semi-log) estimated on U.S. state data for the period 1950–2002.

Wetness Est SE p
Dry 0.029 0.024 0.210
Moderate 0.048 0.019 0.015
Wet 0.085 0.027 0.002
Pooled est. 0.054 0.014 <0.001
F-test for heterogeneity 2.056 0.13