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. 2011 May 19;1(3):167–176. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.04.004

Figure 4.

Figure 4

RLR–NLR interactions in signaling against pathogens. The NOD2 signaling pathway for recognition of bacterial and viral PAMPs is shown on the left. NOD2 is triggered by bacterial MDP to activate NF-κB while ssRNA from RSV leads to activation of IRF-3 signaling. The RIG-I inflammasome is depicted on the right. Both RIG-I and MDA5 can interact with CARD9/BCL10 to activate NF-κB. This leads to induction of pro-IL-1β. RIG-I but not MDA5 can directly associate with ASC bifurcating NLR mediated activation of Caspase-1. This leads to cleavage of IL-1β and secretion from the cell.