Table 1. Mean differential emotion (mean positive emotion minus mean negative emotions) ratings for each character in each group (±SD).

	Di Pietro	Prodi	Berlusconi	Vespa
Right-wing	−0.2(2.2)	−2.2(2.0)	1.5(2.0)	0.2(1.2)
Left-wing	1.4(1.9)	0.3(2.3)	−3.1(1.4)	−2.3(1.8)

Negative scores indicate that negative emotions are predominant. Thus, a clear ingroup bias can be seen in both voters' groups.