Figure 2.

Potential growth factor pathways, intracellular signal components and drug resistance-associated molecules modulated by curcumin involved in its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects on cancer cells. The scheme shows the inhibitory effects induced by curcumin on distinct oncogenic growth factor cascades and their multiple downstream intracellular signaling elements and ABC-multidrug transporters in cancer cells involved in the mediation of its cancer preventive and anticarcinogenic properties.