Table 3.

Summary of hairpin peptide effects on hAM and Synuclein amyloid formation. The ThT fluorescence (as % of uninhibited control) observed with 2 molar equivalents of added hairpin appears as the first entry, followed by other observations for each species.

Hairpin peptide	hAM a	Synuclein b
WW2	< 5 % c 4-fold extended lag phase c inhibits cytotoxicity	19±5% A few fibrils with alternate morphology non-amyloid (CR) aggregate precipitation
WW3	80–100 % slight delay in onset at 6 equiv.	20% fibrils with alternate morphology
YY2	42 ± 6 % delayed onset d	18±7% spherical aggregates non-amyloid (CR) aggregate precipitation
MrH3b	No effect even at 4 equiv.	32%
μPro1	123 ± 7 % Shorter lag phase greater yield of fibrils by TEM no effect on hAM cytotoxicity	69% normal fibril morphology and staining
HP7AAA	90 % No effects, confirmed by TEM	80% Slight delay in onset

^aThT fluorescence measured at 2.5 hours, the full reference response is observed at 1.2 hours for uninhibited controls with little or no loss in signal over the next 2 hours.

^bThT fluorescence measured at 16 hours for α-syn assays. CR refers to Congo red staining and the observation of birefringence.

^cThT fluorescence measured at 5 hours was 43% of that observed in a control.

^dA 5-fold extension of the lag phase is observed when 6 equivalents of YY2 are added to hAM, with modest levels of ThT fluorescence observed only after 5 hours.