Table 5. Univariate analysis of the prognostic systemic and ocular factors for gain in vision after macular laser treatment for DMO.
| Gainers (n=47) | Losers (n=53) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Systemic factors | |||
| Age at baseline (years) | |||
| <65 | 26 | 11 | 0.8 |
| ≥65 | 35 | 28 | 0.3 |
| Ethnic groups | |||
| Caucasians | 20 | 17 | 0.3 |
| Non-Caucasians | 27 | 36 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 25 | 28 | 0.2 |
| Female | 22 | 25 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | |||
| <15 | 26 | 37 | 0.9 |
| ≥15 | 21 | 16 | 0.4 |
| Diabetic medications | |||
| Oral | 11 | 10 | 0.009 |
| Insulin/oral+insulin | 36 | 43 | |
| Time to start of insulin | |||
| Before first laser | 24 | 22 | 0.9 |
| During the 5 years | 7 | 12 | 0.8 |
| Baseline HbA1C | |||
| <7.5 | 8 | 13 | 0.5 |
| ≥7.5 | 39 | 40 | 0.9 |
| Baseline systolic BP, mm Hg | |||
| <140 | 21 | 24 | 0.4 |
| ≥140 | 26 | 29 | 0.7 |
| Baseline diastolic BP, mm Hg | |||
| <90 | 36 | 41 | 0.9 |
| ≥90 | 11 | 12 | 0.3 |
| Number of antihypertensives at end of follow-up | |||
| 0–2 | 22 | 33 | 0.09 |
| ≥3 | 25 | 20 | |
| Baseline BMI | |||
| <25 | 9 | 6 | 0.7 |
| ≥25 | 38 | 47 | 0.0006 |
| Ocular factors | |||
| Baseline VA (ETDRS letters) | |||
| <55 | 10 | 6 | 0.001 |
| ≥55 | 20 | 23 | 0.4 |
| Lens status: phakic | 44 | 48 | |
| Previous pseudophakia | 3 | 5 | 0.2 |
| Pseudophakia during study | 2 | 5 | |
| DR status at baseline | |||
| Non-PDR | 43 | 48 | 0.3 |
| PDR | 4 | 5 | |
| Number of macular laser treatments | |||
| 1–3 | 39 | 37 | 0.008 |
| >3 | 8 | 16 | |
| Number of clinic appointments | |||
| Mean | 19.23 | 19.6 | |
| Range | 4–34 | 3–39 | |
| Number of failed clinic appointments | |||
| Mean | 3.02 | 3.75 | 0.009 |
| Range | 0–7 | 0–12 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; DMO, diabetic macular oedema; ETDRS, early treatment diabetic retinopathy study; HT, hypertension; PRP, pan-retinal photocoagulation.
Gainers: loss of <5 ETDRS letters; losers: loss of ≥5 ETDRS letters.