Table 3.

Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals

RiskFactor	Exposure	Surgery	Nuclear	Cortical	PSC
Age	Oneyear increase	1.10 (1.09,1.11)*	1.11 (1.10,1.12)*	1.05 (1.04,1.07)*	1.09 (1.07,1.11)*
Sex	Male	0.86 (0.77,0.96)*	0.81 (0.72,0.92)*	0.82 (0.72,0.94)*	1.20 (1.01,1.41)*
Race	White	1.01(0.75, 1.35)	1.10(0.79, 1.55)	0.52 (0.39,0.69)*	1.20(0.72, 2.00)
Educationa	Somecollege	1.02(0.89, 1.16)	0.89(0.77, 1.03)	0.90(0.77, 1.05)	0.85(0.69, 1.04)
	Collegegraduate	0.96(0.84, 1.09)	0.79 (0.68,0.92)*	0.74 (0.63,0.87)*	0.86(0.70, 1.05)
Smokingstatus b	Former	1.17 (1.05,1.31)*	1.04(0.91, 1.19)	1.04(0.91, 1.19)	1.09(0.91, 1.31)
	Current	1.22(0.97, 1.52)	1.45 (1.15,1.83)*	1.33 (1.04,1.72)*	1.31(0.93, 1.84)
Diabetes	Yes	1.43 (1.19,1.72)*	1.08(0.86, 1.36)	1.39 (1.11,1.74)*	1.70 (1.30,2.21)*
Weightchange c	Middlequintiles	1.10(0.95, 1.27)	0.96(0.82, 1.13)	1.13(0.95, 1.35)	1.21(0.96, 1.52)
	Topquintile	1.24 (1.04,1.47)*	1.02(0.84, 1.25)	1.38 (1.12,1.70)*	1.59 (1.21,2.08)*
Sunlightexposure c	Middlequintiles	0.96(0.84, 1.10)	0.90(0.77, 1.05)	0.98(0.83, 1.16)	0.98(0.79, 1.22)
	Topquintile	0.87(0.73, 1.03)	0.85(0.70, 1.04)	1.06(0.87, 1.30)	0.92(0.70, 1.20)
Iriscolor d	Other	1.16 (1.03,1.31)*	1.04(0.91, 1.19)	1.18 (1.02,1.37)*	1.07(0.89, 1.29)
	Dark	1.19(0.99, 1.42)	1.34 (1.10,1.63)*	1.55 (1.25,1.91)*	1.25(0.94, 1.65)
Refractiveerror e	Other	0.61 (0.53,0.70)*	1.00(0.84, 1.20)	1.10(0.91, 1.32)	0.81(0.65, 1.02)
	≥1.0D	0.59 (0.51,0.69)*	0.79 (0.65,0.95)*	0.97(0.80, 1.19)	0.78 (0.62,0.99)*
Centrumuse	Yes	0.90 (0.80,1.00)*	0.84 (0.74,0.95)*	0.93(0.81, 1.07)	0.96(0.81, 1.15)
Anti-inflammatorydrug use	Yes	1.10(0.94, 1.29)	0.93(0.77, 1.12)	0.90(0.73, 1.11)	1.11(0.88, 1.42)
Thyroidhormone use	Yes	1.02(0.84, 1.25)	1.03(0.83, 1.28)	1.04(0.82, 1.33)	1.39 (1.04,1.85)*
Estrogenuse b	Current	1.12(0.95, 1.31)	0.90(0.74, 1.09)	0.86(0.71, 1.05)	1.15(0.88, 1.50)
	Ever	1.18 (1.02,1.37)*	0.97(0.81, 1.15)	0.92(0.77, 1.10)	1.21(0.94, 1.55)
AMD categoryf	2	0.95(0.81, 1.11)	0.82 (0.68,0.97)*	0.94(0.79, 1.13)	1.12(0.88, 1.43)
	3	1.08(0.93, 1.25)	0.89(0.76, 1.04)	0.98(0.83, 1.16)	1.04(0.82, 1.31)
	4	0.79 (0.66,0.95)*	0.95(0.79, 1.15)	0.90(0.73, 1.11)	1.14(0.88, 1.48)
Nuclearcataract at baseline g	>2, <4	1.70 (1.52,1.90)*	6.05 (5.28,6.95)*
	≥4	3.48 (2.95,4.10)*
Corticalcataract at baseline h	>0, <10%	1.41 (1.26,1.58)*		5.23 (4.35,6.30)*
	≥10%	2.16 (1.82,2.56)*
PSC cataractat baseline i	≥0.1,<5%	2.88 (2.44,3.39)*			10.42 (8.46,12.82)*
	≥5%	7.59 (5.57,10.34)*
Nuclearcataract at follow - upg	>2, <4			0.81 (0.69,0.94)*	1.67 (1.29,2.15)*
	≥4			0.42 (0.34,0.53)*	1.99 (1.48,2.67)*
Corticalcataract at follow - uph	>0, <10%		1.08(0.95, 1.23)		1.38 (1.13,1.70)*
	≥10%		0.56 (0.46,0.67)*		1.88 (1.49,2.36)*
PSC cataractat follow -upi	≥0.1,<5%		1.48 (1.25,1.76)*	0.91(0.74, 1.11)
	≥5%		1.47 (1.21,1.78)*	1.00(0.79, 1.27)

Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for models that use both eyes (Wei-Lin-Weissfeld method). Hazard ratios significant at p ≤ 0.05 appear in bold and are marked with an asterisk. D = Diopter; AMD = Age-related Macular Degeneration; PSC = Posterior Subcapsular.

^aReferent: high school or less;

^bReferent: never;

^cReferent: lowest quintile;

^dReferent: light iris color;

^eReferent: ≤−1.0D;

^fReferent: AMD category 1;

^gReferent: Nuclear cataract grade ≤ 2;

^hReferent: 0% of visible lens area;

ⁱReferent: <0.1% of central 5 mm.