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Effect of HLE (30–300 mg/kg, p.o.) and morphine (1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) on capsaicin- (a) and glutamate- (b) induced licking in mice. Each column represents mean ± SEM (n=5). †P<0.05, ††P<0.01, and †††P<0.001 compared to the vehicle-treated (control) group (one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman–Keuls post hoc test)
