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. 2011 Aug 23;108(38):15908–15913. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1014503108

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Fig. 1. — The “blunderbuss pattern”, showing the relationship between evolutionary divergence and elapsed time. Divergence is measured as the difference between the means of log-transformed size in two populations ( and ) standardized by the dimensionality, k. Intervals represent the total elapsed evolutionary time between samples. Microevolutionary data include longitudinal (allochronic) and cross-sectional (synchronic) field studies from extant populations. Paleontological divergence is measured from time series, including both stratigraphically adjacent (autonomous) populations and averaged longer-term trends (nonautonomous). We supplement these data with node-averaged divergence between species with intervals obtained from time-calibrated phylogenies. Pairwise comparisons between species (small points) are also presented to give a visual sense of the range of divergence values across taxonomic groups. Dotted lines indicate the expected 95% confidence interval for the multiple-burst model fitted to the microevolutionary, fossil, and node-averaged phylogenetic data.

Inline graphic — The “blunderbuss pattern”, showing the relationship between evolutionary divergence and elapsed time. Divergence is measured as the difference between the means of log-transformed size in two populations ( and ) standardized by the dimensionality, k. Intervals represent the total elapsed evolutionary time between samples. Microevolutionary data include longitudinal (allochronic) and cross-sectional (synchronic) field studies from extant populations. Paleontological divergence is measured from time series, including both stratigraphically adjacent (autonomous) populations and averaged longer-term trends (nonautonomous). We supplement these data with node-averaged divergence between species with intervals obtained from time-calibrated phylogenies. Pairwise comparisons between species (small points) are also presented to give a visual sense of the range of divergence values across taxonomic groups. Dotted lines indicate the expected 95% confidence interval for the multiple-burst model fitted to the microevolutionary, fossil, and node-averaged phylogenetic data.