Table 1.
Clinical characteristics based on tertiles sACE2 activity
| Variable | sACE2 Tertile 1 (n=38) |
sACE2 Tertile 2 (n=37) |
sACE2 Tertile 3 (n=38) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sACE2 (ng/mL) | < 17.4 | 17.4 – 28.8 | > 28.8 | - |
| Age (yrs) | 56±12 | 57±14 | 58±14 | NS |
| Gender (% Male) | 68% | 73% | 89% | 0.04 |
| NYHA III/IV (%) | 24% | 35% | 38% | NS |
| Ischemic etiology (%) | 37% | 41% | 49% | NS |
| Heart Rate | 71.1 | 74.0 | 79.6 | 0.007 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 112.6 | 113.1 | 108.5 | NS |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 30±5 | 28±4 | 28±6 | NS |
| Medications (%) | ||||
| Aldosterone Antagonist | 29% | 22% | 35% | NS |
| Loop Diuretic | 68% | 76% | 92% | 0.02 |
| Beta-Blocker | 61% | 53% | 59% | NS |
| ACE-Inhibitor | 82% | 86% | 68% | NS |
| ARB | 15% | 9% | 27% | NS |
| ACE-Inhibitor / ARB | 95% | 97% | 92% | NS |
| Digoxin | 53% | 66% | 59% | NS |
| Echocardiographic indices | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 28±5 | 26±6 | 23±6 | 0.001 |
| LVED volume index (mL/m2) | 101±32 | 114±37 | 119±36 | 0.04 |
| LVES volume index (mL/m2) | 74±27 | 85±27 | 93±33 | 0.02 |
| Diastolic stage = 3 (%) | 29% | 32% | 51% | 0.08 |
| E/Septal Ea ratio | 16±6 | 18±14 | 21±10 | 0.02 |
| RV systolic dysfunction ≥ 2+ (%) | 16% | 11% | 51% | 0.001 |
| PA systolic pressure (mmHg) | 33±12 | 37±14 | 43±16 | 0.01 |
| Mitral regurgitation ≥ 3+ (%) | 8% | 8% | 11% | NS |
| Median NT-proBNP (ng/mL) [IQR] | 652 [275, 2189] | 1549 [484, 2522] | 2004 [689, 4989] | 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 94±46 | 83±34 | 86±38 | NS |
| Co-morbid conditions | ||||
| Diabetes Type II (%) | 32 | 22 | 32 | NS |
| Hypertension (%) | 61 | 46 | 65 | NS |
sACE2=soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2; NYHA=New York Heart Association. LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; LVED=left ventricular end diastolic; LVES=left ventricular end systolic; RV=Right ventricle; PA=pulmonary artery