Table 1.
Comparing Relevant Demographic, Clinical, and Biochemical Characteristics in the Base Calendar Quarter in 139,328 Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients Including 43,974 African Americans (32%) and 95,354 Non-African Americans (68%)
| Age groups (years) | <25 | 25 to <35 | 35 to <45 | 45 to <55 | 55 to <65 | 65 to <75 | 75 to <85 | >85 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA | N = 668 | N = 2632 | N = 5681 | N = 9560 | N = 10,479 | N = 9053 | N = 4908 | N = 993 | |
| Non-AA | N = 1306 | N = 3733 | N = 7474 | N = 13,897 | N = 20,421 | N = 23,871 | N = 20,125 | N = 4,527 | |
| Age (years) | AA | 21.5 ± 2.3 | 30.8 ± 2.7 | 40.5 ± 2.8 | 50.3 ± 2.8 | 60.0 ± 2.8 | 69.6 ± 2.8 | 79.0 ± 2.7 | 88.2 ± 2.6 |
| Non-AA | 21.6 ± 2.2 | 30.6 ± 2.8 | 40.5 ± 2.8 | 50.4 ± 2.8 | 60.1 ± 2.8 | 70.1 ± 2.8 | 79.4 ± 2.7 | 88.0 ± 2.5 | |
| Gender (% female) | AA | 46 | 42 | 40 | 41 | 49 | 56 | 60 | 64 |
| Non-AA | 41 | 42 | 38 | 40 | 44 | 45 | 44 | 45 | |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | AA | 9 | 19 | 24 | 38 | 51 | 54 | 48 | 38 |
| Non-AA | 5 | 21 | 33 | 46 | 55 | 51 | 39 | 26 | |
| Ethnicity (% Hispanic) | AA | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
| Non-AA | 36 | 30 | 26 | 26 | 23 | 19 | 12 | 8 | |
| Dialysis vintage (%) | |||||||||
| < 6 Months | AA | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 19 | 25 |
| Non-AA | 18 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 24 | 29 | |
| > 5 Years | AA | 24 | 33 | 34 | 32 | 27 | 26 | 20 | 13 |
| Non-AA | 19 | 27 | 26 | 22 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 8 | |
| Primary insurance (%) | |||||||||
| Medicare | AA | 52 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 75 | 76 | 78 |
| Non-AA | 45 | 49 | 52 | 50 | 50 | 70 | 73 | 77 | |
| Medicaid | AA | 16 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 1 | <1 | <1 |
| Non-AA | 16 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 2 | <1 | <1 | |
| Marital status (%) | |||||||||
| Married | AA | 3 | 17 | 23 | 30 | 35 | 33 | 27 | 17 |
| Non-AA | 7 | 26 | 37 | 44 | 49 | 49 | 44 | 32 | |
| Divorced | AA | <1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 3 |
| Non-AA | <1 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 2 | |
| Single | AA | 79 | 61 | 52 | 41 | 29 | 20 | 15 | 13 |
| Non-AA | 71 | 49 | 36 | 26 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 7 | |
| Widowed | AA | <1 | <1 | <1 | 3 | 9 | 20 | 33 | 48 |
| Non-AA | <1 | <1 | <1 | 2 | 7 | 15 | 26 | 39 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | AA | 26.0 ± 8.4 | 28.1 ± 8.6 | 28.4 ± 8.7 | 28.5 ± 7.9 | 28.3 ± 7.6 | 27.1 ± 6.5 | 25.0 ± 5.7 | 23.1 ± 6.0 |
| Non-AA | 23.5 ± 6.9 | 25.5 ± 6.5 | 26.9 ± 7.6 | 28.2 ± 7.5 | 28.2 ± 7.3 | 26.8 ± 6.4 | 24.9 ± 5.1 | 23.5 ± 4.5 | |
| Kt/V (dialysis dose) | AA | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 |
| Non-AA | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | |
| Protein catabolic rate | AA | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
| (g/kg/day) | Non-AA | 1.0 ± 0.26 | 1.01 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
| Biochemical measures | |||||||||
| Albumin (g/dL) | AA | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.5 |
| Non-AA | 3.9± 0.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | AA | 11.8 ± 4.3 | 11.9 ± 4.3 | 11.2 ± 3.9 | 10.1 ± 3.5 | 8.9 ± 3.1 | 8.1 ± 2.8 | 7.3 ± 2.5 | 6.4 ± 2.3 |
| Non-AA | 10.8 ± 3.5 | 10.3 ± 3.8 | 9.3 ± 3.5 | 8.2 ± 3.1 | 7.3 ± 2.8 | 6.7 ± 2.5 | 6.1 ± 2.3 | 5.6 ± 2.0 | |
| TIBC (mg/dL) | AA | 195 ± 41 | 198 ± 42 | 207 ± 44 | 211 ± 46 | 204 ± 46 | 196 ± 43 | 188 ± 43 | 179 ± 44 |
| Non-AA | 208 ± 43 | 211 ± 44 | 212 ± 46 | 215 ± 48 | 214 ± 47 | 210 ± 47 | 205 ± 46 | 200 ± 46 | |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | AA | 6.6 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 1.3 |
| Non-AA | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | AA | 9.2 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 9.3 ± 0.8 | 9.3 ± 0.7 | 9.4 ± 0.7 | 9.3 ± 0.7 | 9.2 ± 0.7 |
| Non-AA | 9.2 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.1 ± 0.7 | |
| Intact PTH (ng/mL) | AA | 671 ± 604 | 611 ± 563 | 576 ± 518 | 514 ± 477 | 449 ± 408 | 400 ± 347 | 372 ± 331 | 342 ± 301 |
| Non-AA | 575 ± 588 | 501 ± 497 | 438 ± 416 | 375 ± 357 | 326 ± 306 | 292 ± 265 | 268 ± 235 | 265 ± 213 | |
| Alkaline | AA | 144 ± 121 | 130 ± 98 | 137 ± 115 | 141 ± 118 | 132 ± 96 | 121 ± 77 | 116± 72 | 110 ± 75 |
| phosphatase (U/L) | |||||||||
| Non-AA | 141 ± 164 | 132 ± 100 | 136 ± 107 | 138 ± 110 | 133 ± 88 | 122 ± 81 | 114 ± 66 | 113 ± 59 | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | AA | 477 ± 486 | 539 ± 654 | 529 ± 561 | 538 ± 507 | 576 ± 547 | 586 ± 518 | 598 ± 555 | 584 ± 488 |
| Non-AA | 399 ± 455 | 434 ± 455 | 455 ± 452 | 492 ± 502 | 501 ± 479 | 521 ± 486 | 512 ± 476 | 491 ± 428 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | AA | 11.5 ± 1.8 | 11.6 ± 1.6 | 11.7 ± 1.5 | 11.8 ± 1.5 | 11.8 ± 1.4 | 11.8 ± 1.4 | 11.9 ± 1.4 | 11.8 ± 1.4 |
| Non-AA | 11.9 ± 1.5 | 11.9 ± 1.5 | 11.9 ± 1.5 | 11.9 ± 1.4 | 12.0 ± 1.4 | 12.0 ± 1.3 | 12.0 ± 1.3 | 12.1 ± 1.3 | |
| White blood count (× 103/L) | AA | 7.1 ± 2.6 | 6.8 ± 2.4 | 6.8 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 2.3 | 7.0 ± 2.4 | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 6.9 ± 2.7 | 6.9 ± 2.6 |
| Non-AA | 7.2 ± 2.4 | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 7.6 ± 2.6 | 7.7 ± 2.5 | 7.7 ± 2.7 | 7.7 ± 2.6 | 7.8 ± 2.9 | 7.9 ± 3.3 | |
| Lymphocyte | AA | 26 ± 10 | 25 ± 9 | 24 ± 8 | 23 ± 8 | 23 ± 8 | 22 ± 8 | 22 ± 8 | 21 ± 8 |
| Non-AA | 24 ± 9 | 23 ± 8 | 20 ± 7 | 20 ± 7 | 19 ± 7 | 18 ± 7 | 18 ± 7 | 18 ± 7 | |
| (% of total white blood cell count) | |||||||||
| % active vitamin Da | AA | 62 | 63 | 65 | 67 | 66 | 69 | 67 | 67 |
| Non-AA | 46 | 49 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 53 | |
| Paricalcitol doseb (µg/ week) | AA | 20.4 ± 12.3 | 20.1 ± 11.1 | 20.0 ± 10.9 | 18.8 ± 10.1 | 17.6 ± 9.5 | 16.0 ± 8.9 | 14.7 ± 8.4 | 13.6 ± 7.7 |
| Non-AA | 15.7 ± 10.5 | 15.3 ± 9.2 | 15.1 ± 9.2 | 14.2 ± 9.2 | 13.2 ± 8.2 | 12.0 ± 7.4 | 10.9 ± 6.5 | 10.3 ± 6.0 | |
Note: Values are in percentage or mean ± SD, as appropriate.
a
Active vitamin D compounds included paricalcitol, calcitriol, and doxercalciferol.
b
Among those who had received any paricalcitol dose during each of the 20 calendar quarters.