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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 May 27;51(5):632–639. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.05.007

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Influence of oxidative stress on mitochondrial ΔΨm and Ca2+ spark frequency. (A) Phase relationship among oscillations in ΔΨm, NADH, and cyclic changes of Ca2+ sparks as a result of oxidative stress induced by a localized laser flash (a.u.: arbitrary units of fluorescence). The green line indicates Fluo-4 fluorescence intensity that reflects average cytosolic Ca2+; (B) Representative contour plots showing increased Ca2+ spark frequency when mitochondria depolarized; and (C) Quantitative comparison of Ca2+ spark frequency between ΔΨm polarization and depolarization states.