. 2011 Apr 13;56(10):2857–2864. doi: 10.1007/s10620-011-1679-x

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics in the normal and GERD groups

Characteristic	Normal, n = 2,186	GERD, n = 667	GERD
Characteristic	Normal, n = 2,186	GERD, n = 667	Asymptomatic ERD, n = 232	Symptomatic ERD, n = 91	NERD, n = 344
Gender (male/female)	1,506/680	469/198	201/31^a	81/10	187/157^a
Age (mean ± SD)	56.74 ± 10.68	56.74 ± 10.68	57.15 ± 10.73	55.54 ± 11.52	56.78 ± 10.42
BMI (kg/m²) (mean ± SD)	23.45 ± 2.93	24.00 ± 3.15^a	24.54 ± 2.89^a	24.68 ± 3.35^a	23.45 ± 3.17
Hiatus hernia (positive/negative)	825/1,361	406/261^a	194/38^a	83/8^a	129/215
Atrophy (closed/open type)	1,595/591	509/158	191/41^a	71/20	247/97
QUEST score (mean ± SD)	0.32 ± 1.14	6.49 ± 4.86^a	0.55 ± 1.46^a	10.07 ± 2.52^a	9.55 ± 2.47^a
Duration of sleep (h) (mean ± SD)	6.84 ± 0.94	6.75 ± 0.95	6.89 ± 0.92	6.72 ± 0.90	6.68 ± 0.97^a
Exercise (more than/less than once a month)	1,577/609	443/224^a	201/31^a	21/70^a ^,b	221/123^a
Smoking/non-smoking	458/1,728	170/497^a	75/157^a	38/53^a	57/287^a
Alcohol-drinker/non-drinker	1,375/811	409/258	165/67^a	60/31	184/160
Green tea drinker/non-drinker	1,922/264	606/61^a	210/22	80/11	316/28^a
Coffee drinker/non-drinker	1,818/368	554/113	187/45	78/13	289/55

GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, ERD erosive reflux disease, NERD non-erosive reflux disease, BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation

^aSignificantly different versus normal (χ² test, t test, Mann–Whitney test)

^bSignificantly different versus asymptomatic ERD (χ² test)