Table 2.
Metabolic syndrome characteristics of the study population (n = 140).
| Mean ± SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose homeostasis | ||
| Fasting insulin, μIU/mL | 8.2 ± 0.3 | 2.40–17.9 |
| Fasting glycaemia, mg/dL | 89.5 ± 0.7 | 73.0–113.0 |
| Hb A1c, % | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.0–7.0 |
| Lipid profile | ||
| TC, mg/dL | 194.7 ± 3.9 | 101.0–307.0 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 54.1 ± 1.1 | 29.0–91.0 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 123.5 ± 3.6 | 45.0–255.0 |
| TC/HDL-C ratio | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 2.0–9.6 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C ratio | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 0.9–6.1 |
| Apo A1/Apo B100 ratio | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8–3.3 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 101.5 ± 4.9 | 32.0–329.0 |
| Blood pressure | ||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 120.7 ± 1.4 | 90.0–175.0 |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 75.8 ± 0.9 | 50.0–101.0 |
| Liver enzymes | ||
| ALT, IU/L | 18.2 ± 0.5 | 9.0–43.0 |
| AST, IU/L | 16.2 ± 0.6 | 5.0–44.0 |
| Inflammation | ||
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.03–1.14 |
| Cytokines | ||
| IL-6, pg/mL | 10.3 ± 0.6 | 0.8–31.5 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9–14.1 |
| Hypercoagulation | ||
| PAI-1, ng/mL | 21.2 ± 2.0 | 1.0–100.0 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 369.4 ± 6.5 | 201.0–552.0 |
| Adipokines | ||
| Leptin, ng/mL | 32.9 ± 43.3 | 0.9–167.4 |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL | 9.2 ± 6.4 | 2.9–41.0 |
| Urine | ||
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 2.40–8.50 |
| Microalbuminuria, μg/min | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 0.5–89.8 |
| Cortisol, μg/day | 41.0 ± 1.7 | 6.0–105.0 |
Values are means ± SD. Hb A1c, hemoglobin A(1c); TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo A1, apolipoprotein A1; Apo B, apolipoprotein B100; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.