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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2010 Dec 13;48(6):566–571. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.012

Table 3.

Effects of average wake time and hours of sleep on diurnal cortisol. Level 1 (n = 1521), Level 2 (n = 285), Level 3 (n = 119)

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Fixed effects Coefficient (SE) Coefficient (SE) Coefficient (SE)
Wake up cortisol level
Intercept −1.423 (.059)*** −1.423 (.059)*** −1.424 (.060)***
Average wake time −0.005 (.036) −0.009 (.036)
Average hours of sleep 0.032 (.051) 0.036 (.052)
CAR
Intercept 0.544 (.041)*** 0.543 (.042)*** 0.544 (.041)***
 Average wake time 0.017 (.032) 0.020 (.032)
 Average hours of sleep −0.013 (.043) −0.019 (.042)
Time since waking
 Intercept −0.091 (.005)*** −0.092 (.005)*** −0.091 (.005)***
 Average wake time 0.008 (.004) 0.010 (.004)*
 Average hours of sleep −0.009 (.005)* −0.012 (.005)*

Note.

*

p ≤ .05,

**

p< .01,

***

p< .001.

Race/ethnicity, gender, birth control, asthma medication, depression medication, and daytime sleep (naps) were added as covariates at Level 3. Caffeine use, nicotine use, and alcohol use, any medication and hours of exercise were added as covariates at Level 1.