Table 4.

Effects of same day wake time and prior day hours of sleep on diurnal cortisol. Level 1 (n = 1521), Level 2 (n = 285), Level 3 (n = 119)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Fixed effects	Coefficient (SE)	Coefficient (SE)	Coefficient (SE)
Wake up cortisol level
Intercept	−1.421 (.058)***	−1.422 (.060)***	−1.418 (.058)***
Same day wake time	0.091 (.036)*		−0.002 (.037)
Next day wake time	0.007 (.031)		−0.055 (.031)
Prior day hours of sleep		0.144 (.035)***	0.150 (.040)***
Next day hours of sleep		0.079 (.028)**	0.110 (.028)***
CAR
Intercept	0.540 (.041)***	0.544 (.041)***	0.540 (.041)***
Same day wake time	−0.114 (.054)*		−0.056 (.059)
Next day wake time	−0.055 (.042)		−0.058 (.047)
Prior day hours of sleep		−0.110 (.043)*	−0.075 (.045)
Next day hours of sleep		−0.039 (.044)	0.001 (.048)
Time since waking
Intercept	−0.092 (.005)***	−0.092 (.005)***	−0.092 (.005)***
Same day wake time	−0.013 (.004)**		− 0.009 (.005)
Next day wake time	0.007 (.004)		0.015 (.004)***
Prior day hours of sleep		−0.013 (.004)**	−0.010 (.004)*
Next day hours of sleep		−0.005 (.004)	−0.015 (.004)**

Note.

^*p< .05,

^**p< .01,

^***p< .001.

Race/ethnicity, gender, birth control, asthma medication, depression medication were added as covariates at Level 3; Caffeine use, nicotine use, and alcohol use, any medication and hours of exercise were added as covariates at Level 1.