Table 3.
Intervening Models.
| Variable | Base | Intervening 1 | Intervening 2 | Intervening 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | p-value | HR | p-value | HR | p-value | HR | p-value | |
| Injury Classification | ||||||||
| C1–C4, non-ambulatory | 4.83 | <.0001 | 5.04 | <.0001 | 3.20 | 0.004 | 3.41 | 0.001 |
| C5–C8, non-ambulatory | 3.13 | 0.002 | 2.73 | 0.01 | 2.10 | 0.06 | 2.22 | 0.03 |
| Non-cervical, non-ambulatory | 3.41 | 0.001 | 2.89 | 0.01 | 2.22 | 0.04 | 2.05 | 0.05 |
| Cervical, ambulatory | 1.16 | 0.74 | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.74 | 1.03 | 0.94 |
| Non-cervical, ambulatory (referent) | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| Biographic | ||||||||
| White | 0.91 | 0.57 | 1.23 | 0.29 | 1.31 | 0.20 | 1.13 | 0.50 |
| Men | 1.12 | 0.51 | 1.12 | 0.55 | 1.14 | 0.51 | 1.18 | 0.37 |
| Age at injury | 1.06 | <.0001 | 1.06 | <.0001 | 1.06 | <.0001 | 1.06 | <.0001 |
| Years since injury | 1.05 | <.0001 | 1.06 | <.0001 | 1.06 | <.0001 | 1.05 | <.0001 |
| Psychologic Factors | ||||||||
| Sensation Seeking | 1.05 | 0.08 | 1.05 | 0.10 | -- | -- | ||
| Neuroticism-Anxiety | 1.06 | 0.11 | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Purpose in Life | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.05 | -- | -- | ||
| Environmental Factors | ||||||||
| Low income (<$20,000) | 1.64 | 0.01 | 1.44 | 0.05 | 1.41 | 0.04 | ||
| Social support | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Social upset | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Behavioral Factors | ||||||||
| Prescription medication use | 1.08 | 0.001 | 1.06 | 0.004 | ||||
| Number of binge drinking days | 1.04 | 0.01 | 1.04 | 0.02 | ||||
| Out-of-bed hours | 0.94 | 0.004 | -- | -- | ||||
| Smoking composite score | 1.08 | 0.10 | -- | -- | ||||
| Health Factors | ||||||||
| Days in the hospital | 1.02 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Number of infection symptoms | -- | -- | ||||||
| Fracture/amputation | 2.89 | 0.0006 | ||||||
| Surgeries to repair ulcers | 1.13 | 0.0003 | ||||||
| Probable major depression | 1.78 | 0.0003 | ||||||
[a]
Injury and biographic variables only, 203 deaths over 1312 subjects
[b]
Added psychologic and environmental models to model [a], 161 deaths over 1123 subjects
[c]
Added behaviors to model[b], 155 deaths over 1090 subjects
[d]
Added Health Factors to model[c], 179 deaths over 1209 subjects
-- Variable not significant and removed from the model