Figure 5. Curcumin potentiates the effect of gemcitabine by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cyclin D1, COX-2, and VEGF.
(A) TUNEL assay showed that Curcumin potentiates the effect of gemcitabine by inducing apoptosis in mouse bladder tissues. (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of Cyclin D1. The percentage inhibition cyclin D1 by curcumin alone and in combination with gemcitabine is indicated. (C) Immunohistochemical analysis of COX2. The percentage inhibition COX-2 by curcumin alone and in combination with gemcitabine is indicated. (D) Immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF. The percentage inhibition VEGF by curcumin alone and in combination with gemcitabine is indicated.