. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 27.

Published in final edited form as: Mucosal Immunol. 2008 May 14;1(4):309–316. doi: 10.1038/mi.2008.18

Table 2.

Cytokine levels in cervicovaginal lavage samples from HIV-1-uninfected and HIV-1-infected CSWs, and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSW control subjects

	HIV-1-uninfected CSWs	HIV-1-infected CSWs	HIV-1-uninfected non-CSW controls	P-value^a
	N=57	N=52	N=73	P-value^a
IL-2	0.2 (1.4)	0.7 (2.6)	0.3 (1.4)	NS
IL-4	0	0	0	NS
IL-6	135.2 (571.0)	83.8 (148.6)	151.8 (371.4)	NS
IL-10	1.31 (3.6)	3.0 (1.8)	7.5 (36.4)	NS
TNF-α	6.31 (14.0)	17.7 (39.3)^b	9.6 (23.4)	0.015
IFN-γ	3.95 (14.2)	24.0 (106.3)^c	7.7 (26.2)	0.008

CSW, commercial sex worker; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; N, number of participants; NS, nonsignificant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Data are mean (s.d.) pg ml⁻¹.

The lower detection limit for each assay was 2.6 pg ml⁻¹ for IL-2 and IL-4, 3.0 pg ml⁻¹ for IL-6, 2.8 pg ml⁻¹ for IL-10 and TNF-α, and 7.1 pg ml⁻¹ for IFN-γ.

P-values for the comparison across all groups were calculated with one-way analysis of variance test.

P=0.006 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected CSWs, and P=0.02 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs as determined by Mann–Whitney U-test.

P=0.031 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected CSWs, and P=0.006 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs as determined by Mann–Whitney U-test.