. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 27.

Published in final edited form as: Mucosal Immunol. 2008 May 14;1(4):309–316. doi: 10.1038/mi.2008.18

Table 3.

Cytokine levels in serum from HIV-1-uninfected and HIV-1-infected CSWs, and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSW control subjects

	HIV-1-uninfected CSWs	HIV-1-infected CSWs	HIV-1-uninfected non-CSW controls	P-value^a
	N=51	N=51	N=68	P-value^a
IL-2	5.7 (19.3)	0.9 (2.5)^b	2.9 (5.1)	0.02
IL-4	1.8 (4.2)^c	0.5 (1.1)	0.5 (1.8)	0.002
IL-6	4.1 (9.4)	2.9 (3.7)	2.2 (4.2)	NS
IL-10	5.5 (11.4)	2.4 (5.5)^d	3.7 (4.7)	0.05
TNF-α	3.2 (9.2)	0.5 (1.5)^e	1.7 (2.7)	0.021
IFN-γ	0.6 (4.6)	1.7 (8.7)	0.5 (2.2)	NS

CSW, commercial sex worker; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; N, number of participants; NS, nonsignificant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Data are mean (s.d.) pg ml⁻¹.

The lower detection limit for each assay was 2.6 pg ml⁻¹ for IL-2 and IL-4, 3.0 pg ml⁻¹ for IL-6, 2.8 pg ml⁻¹ for IL-10 and TNF-α, and 7.1 pg ml⁻¹ for IFN-γ.

P-values for the comparison across all groups were calculated with one-way analysis of variance test.

P=0.010 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected CSWs, and P=0.012 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs as determined by Mann–Whitney U-test.

P=0.016 for the comparison between HIV-1-uninfected CSWs and HIV-1-infected CSWs, and P=0.002 for the comparison between HIV-1-uninfected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs as determined by Mann–Whitney U-test.

P=0.028 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected CSWs, and P=0.028 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs as determined by Mann–Whitney U-test.

P=0.019 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected CSWs, and P=0.007 for the comparison between HIV-1-infected CSWs and HIV-1-uninfected non-CSWs as determined by Mann–Whitney U-test.