Costs |
Treatment for cervical cancer |
£15 000 |
Lognormal mean 15 000 (SD 9300) |
Wolstenholme et al55; De Rijke et al57
|
Relative cost of treatment (v cervical cancer): |
|
|
|
Vulvar and vaginal cancer |
0.91 |
Triangular (min 0.65, max 1.3, mode 0.75) |
Hu et al56; hospital and cancer registry data |
Anal cancer |
0.87 |
Triangular (min 0.48, max 1.5, mode 0.64) |
Oropharyngeal cancer |
1.0 |
Triangular (min 0.87, max 1.1, mode 1.0) |
Penile cancer |
0.77 |
Triangular (min 0.65, max 1.0, mode 0.67) |
Treatment for anogenital warts |
£112 |
Normal mean 112 (SD 4) |
Desai et al19
|
Treatment for recurrent respiratory papillomatoses: |
|
|
|
Juvenile cases |
£30 000 |
Lognormal mean 30 000 (SD 63 000) |
Hughes et al20 and unpublished data |
Adult cases |
£4900 |
Lognormal mean 4900 (SD 5400) |
Cytology test (liquid based) |
£54 |
Normal mean 54 (SD 13.5) |
Curtis24; Martin-Hirsch et al42; Karnon et al43
|
Colposcopy |
£144 |
Normal mean 144 (SD 36) |
Martin-Hirsch et al42; Brown et al44
|
Pre-cancerous lesion treatment |
£349 |
Normal mean 349 (SD 87) |
Martin-Hirsch et al42; Brown et al44
|
Vaccine price (per dose) |
£84.50 |
Fixed |
British National Formulary41
|
Vaccine administration (per dose) |
£9.33 |
Fixed |
Department of Health, personal communication |
Quality of life detriment |
Treatment for |
|
|
|
Cervical cancer |
0.285 |
Triangular (min 0.24, max 0.33, mode 0.285) |
Myers et al46; Gold et al47
|
Vulvar-vaginal cancer |
0.32 |
Triangular (min 0.16, max 0.52, mode 0.28) |
Gold et al47
|
Anal cancer |
0.51 |
Triangular (min 0.21, max 0.83, mode 0.49) |
Gold et al47
|
Oropharyngeal cancer |
0.25 |
Normal mean 0.25 (SD 0.02) |
Rogers et al52
|
Penile cancer |
0.29 |
Triangular (min 0.2, max 0.38, mode 0.29) |
Institute of Medicine45
|
Recovery from cancer |
0.0305 |
Triangular (min 0, max 0.061, mode 0.0305) |
Klee et al49 50; Korfage et al51
|
Positive cytology result |
0.025 |
Normal mean 0.025 (SD 0.00625) |
Jit et al16
|
Positive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia result: |
|
|
|
Grade I |
0.012 |
Normal mean 0.012 (SD 0.003) |
Jit et al16
|
Grade II |
0.007 |
Normal mean 0.007 (SD 0.00175) |
Grade III |
0.054 |
Normal mean 0.054 (SD 0.00135) |
Episode of anogenital warts |
0.018 |
Normal mean 0.018 (SD 0.0059) |
Woodhall et al18
|
Episode of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis |
1.30 |
Lognormal mean 1.30 (SD 1.56) |
Bishai et al58
|
Time spent receiving treatment for cancer (years) |
0.116 |
Lognormal mean 0.116 (SD 0.36) |
Hospital Episode Statistics |
True proportion of cancers due to HPV 16 and 18 |
|
|
|
Squamous cell carcinomas |
80% |
Normal mean 0.80 (SD 0.027) |
Howell-Jones et al17
|
Adenocarcinomas |
86% |
Normal mean 0.86 (SD 0.040) |
Additional risk of mild smear if HPV 6 or 11 positive |
5.4% |
Normal mean 0.54 (SD 0.030) |
Chapman et al21
|
Risk of colposcopy after mild smear if HPV 6 or 11 positive |
2.3% |
Normal mean 0.023 (SD 0.0072) |
Chapman et al21
|
Proportion of cancers due to HPV: |
|
|
|
Vulvar-vaginal cancer |
47% |
Beta (p 690, q 780) |
Literature review (see appendix 1 on bmj.com) |
Anal cancer |
42% |
Beta (p 55, q 77) |
Oropharyngeal |
84% |
Beta (p 800, q 150) |
Penile |
36% |
Beta (p 340, q 620) |
Proportion of HPV attributed cancers due to HPV 16 or 18 |
|
|
|
Vulvar-vaginal cacer |
74% |
Beta (p 77, q 27) |
Literature review (see appendix 1 on bmj.com) |
Anal cancer |
90% |
Beta (p 95, q 11) |
Oropharyngeal cancer |
93% |
Beta (p 760, q 56) |
Penile cancer |
89% |
Beta (p 300, q 37) |