Table 2.

GEE Models of Patient-Reported Discrimination and Medication Treatment Intensification

	Hyperglycemia cohort RR (95% CI)	Hyperlipidemia cohort RR (95% CI)	Hypertension cohort RR (95% CI)	Composite cohort RR (95% CI)
Unadjusted
Discrimination
No (ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Yes	0.91 (0.71, 1.16)	1.22 (0.91, 1.66)	1.23 (0.80, 1.88)	1.10 (0.88, 1.39)
Adjusted
Discrimination
No (ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Yes	0.96 (0.74, 1.24)	1.23 (0.93, 1.63)	1.06 (0.69, 1.61)	1.08 (0.88, 1.33)
Race/ethnicity
White (ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Black	0.97 (0.84, 1.12)	0.91 (0.73, 1.14)	1.19 (0.96, 1.48)	1.09 (0.96, 1.24)
Latino	0.86 (0.74, 1.01)	0.97 (0.74, 1.27)	0.99 (0.76, 1.29)	1.05 (0.91, 1.22)
Asian	0.89 (0.71, 1.12)	0.81 (0.56, 1.17)	1.19 (0.88, 1.61)	1.09 (0.91, 1.31)
Filipino	1.06 (0.88, 1.28)	0.96 (0.64, 1.43)	1.59 (1.19, 2,12)**	1.39 (1.17, 1.65)**
Other	1.10 (0.87, 1.40)	0.74 (0.46, 1.19)	1.44 (0.89, 2.31)	1.26 (1.00, 1.59)*
Age
<50	0.96 (0.75, 1.22)	1.12 (0.81, 1.54)	1.12 (0.81, 1.55)	1.23 (1.02, 1.48)*
50–64	1.05 (0.83, 1.32)	1.11 (0.84, 1.46)	1.26 (0.97, 1.64)	1.31 (1.12, 1.55)*
≥65 (ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Gender
Male	0.96 (0.83, 1.10)	1.08 (0.87, 1.34)	1.25 (1.01, 1.54)*	1.17 (1.04, 1.33)*
Female (ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Education
≤High school (ref)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Some college	1.00 (0.86, 1.18)	0.96 (0.74, 1.24)	0.98 (0.74, 1.28)	0.89 (0.76, 1.04)
≥College	1.00 (0.84, 1.20)	1.01 (0.77, 1.33)	1.06 (0.82, 1.37)	0.93 (0.79, 1.10)
Mean DxCG score (1-point change)	0.96 (0.94, 0.99)**	0.96 (0.94, 0.99)**	0.98 (0.96, 1.01)	0.96 (0.94, 0.98)**
Duration diabetes
0–4 years	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
5–10 years	0.92 (0.79, 1.06)	0.91 (0.69, 1.19)	1.16 (0.90, 1.50)	0.99 (0.86, 1.15)
>10 years	0.87 (0.74, 1.03)	1.24 (0.95, 1.62)	1.12 (0.86, 1.46)	1.02 (0.87, 1.19)

*Indicates p < 0.05

**Indicates p < 0.01

“Ref” indicates the referent group when examining a categorical covariate. RR = Relative risk