Table 1.
Characteristics of Sample by Race
| Characteristic | Non-Hispanic Blacks N = 1984 Mean or percent (standard error) | Non-Hispanic White N = 5156 Mean or percent (standard error) |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure, mean, mm Hga | 124.1 (0.5) | 120.8 (0.3) |
| Age, mean, yearsa | 41.8 (0.4) | 45.6 (0.3) |
| Sex a | ||
| Male | 47.4 (1.0) | 51.0 (0.5) |
| Female | 52.7 (1.0) | 49.1 (0.5) |
| SES and Social | ||
| Poverty (%)a | ||
| < 100% | 21.8 (1.7) | 7.9 (0.7) |
| 100–149% | 13.9 (1.2) | 7.6 (0.6) |
| 150–199% | 12.1 (1.1) | 8.3 (0.5) |
| 200–299% | 17.4 (1.0) | 15.3 (0.6) |
| 300% or more | 34.8 (1.9) | 60.9 1.5) |
| Educationa | ||
| Less than high school | 26.0 (1.5) | 10.8 (0.9) |
| High school / equivalent | 24.8 (1.0) | 26.9 (0.8) |
| More than high school | 49.2 (1.4) | 62.3 (1.5) |
| Marital Statusa | ||
| Married / living as married | 47.4 (1.6) | 69.7 (0.8) |
| Single / separated / divorced / widowed | 52.6 (1.6) | 30.3 (0.8) |
| Health and Health Care | ||
| Self-rated Health Conditiona | ||
| Excellent | 18.9 (1.1) | 22.9 (0.8) |
| Very Good | 25.0 (1.1) | 36.2 (0.9) |
| Good | 36.5 (1.1) | 29.2 (0.7) |
| Fair | 16.1 (1.2) | 9.2 (0.5) |
| Poor | 3.4 (0.5) | 2.5 (0.3) |
| Insurancea | ||
| Has health insurance | 75.4 (1.2) | 85.7 (0.9) |
| No health insurance | 24.6 (1.2) | 14.3 (0.9) |
| Usual source of care | ||
| Yes | 86.7 (0.9) | 87.2 (0.7) |
| No | 13.3 (0.9) | 12.8 (0.7) |
| Number of BP medicationsa | ||
| 0 | 77.1 (1.1) | 79.6 (0.8) |
| 1 | 12.7 (0.7) | 12.5 (0.6) |
| 2 | 6.4 (0.6) | 5.3 (0.3) |
| 3 or more | 3.8 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.3) |
| Behavioral | ||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2)a | ||
| < 20 | 4.6 (0.6) | 5.3 (0.3) |
| 20–< 25.5 | 25.8 (1.3) | 33.7 (1.0) |
| 25.5–< 30 | 28.3 (1.0) | 30.8 (0.7) |
| 30 + | 41.3 (1.4) | 30.2 (0.9) |
| Activity Compared with Others Same Age | ||
| More Active | 37.5 (1.3) | 37.3 (0.9) |
| Less Active | 21.5 (1.0) | 21.0 (0.6) |
| Same | 41.0 (1.1) | 41.8 (0.9) |
| Smoking statusa | ||
| Current | 26.5 (1.5) | 26.2 (1.0) |
| Former | 14.2 (0.9) | 26.3 (0.8) |
| Never | 59.3 (1.6) | 47.5 (1.1) |
| Serum Cotinine (ng/mL) | 81.0 (5.4) | 72.1 (3.2) |
| Alcohol (gm) | 4.0 (0.8) | 4.2 (0.5) |
| Sodium (mg) | 2114.4 (88.6) | 2222.0 (55.9) |
| Potassium (mg)a | 1602.5 (45.9) | 1793.7 (38.6) |
| Calcium (mg)a | 466.2 (16.8) | 566.4 (16.7) |
| Biomarkers | ||
| A1c, mean, (%)a | 5.6 (0.02) | 5.4 (0.01) |
| Albumin, mean, (g/dL)a | 4.2 (0.01) | 4.3 (0.01) |
| C-Reactive Protein, mean, (mg/dL)a | 0.5 (0.02) | 0.4 (0.01) |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL)a | ||
| 1st Quintile (2–15 ng/mL) | 60.7 (2.1) | 11.0 (0.9) |
| 2nd Quintile (16–20 ng/mL) | 20.6 (1.2) | 17.8 (0.7) |
| 3 rd Quintile (21–24 ng/mL) | 10.0 (1.0) | 19.4 (0.7) |
| 4th Quintile (25–30 ng/mL) | 6.4 (0.6) | 26.3 (0.6) |
| 5th Quintile (31–80 ng/mL) | 2.3 (0.3) | 25.5 (1.4) |
| Supplementary Analyses | ||
| Cardiovascular Fitness Level (Treadmill) , mean, | 2.2 (0.04) | 2.4 (0.03) |
| Percent body Fat (DXA) | 33.2 (0.27) | 33.7 (0.23) |
| Physical Activity Monitor (mean intensity per minute) | 337.6 (15.98) | 342.7 (9.39) |
| Skin Type (sun sensitivity)a | ||
| Get a severe sunburn with blisters | 0.4 (0.1) | 3.4 (0.3) |
| A severe sunburn for a few days with peeling | 1.0 (0.3) | 13.7 (0.6) |
| Mildly burned with some tanning | 4.2 (0.5) | 39.6 (0.9) |
| Turning darker without a sunburn | 28.6 (1.4) | 14.6 (0.6) |
| Nothing would happen in half an hour | 65.8 (1.4) | 28.8 (1.3) |
| Social support (Anyone to count for emotional support?) a | ||
| Yes | 92.9 (1.0) | 95.8 (0.4) |
| No | 6.3 (1.0) | 3.7 (0.4) |
| Do not need | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.1) |
aSignificant difference at the 95% level of confidence