Enhanced expression of TNF but not IGF-1 or BDNF in TPLP mice. A: TNF mRNA expression was continuously elevated in TPLP mice from 2 days post lesion through 7 days post lesion, compared with TOVA and naïve mice, and in vitro TPLP cultures compared with TOVA cultures. B: IGF-1 mRNA expression demonstrated no changes at 2 days post lesion in TPLP, TOVA, and naïve mice. In contrast, IGF-1 mRNA expression was elevated in TOVA and naïve animals at 7 days post lesion but not in PP-lesioned TPLP mice. IGF-1 mRNA expression was low in TPLP and TOVA mice in vitro. C: BDNF mRNA expression showed no changes at 2 and 7 days post lesion in TPLP, TOVA, and naïve mice. BDNF mRNA expression was not detected in vitro. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. ND, not detected.