Table 3.

Females concentration and mobility indices for Scotland and England & Wales.

		Mortality treated as a form of attrition using IPWs		Mortality explicitly accounted for in the decomposition
		Scotland	England & Wales	Scotland	England & Wales	Scotland-E&W differences
Mean health 1999	${\overline{h}}_s^A/{\overline{h}}_s$	0.786***	0.782***	0.785***	0.780***	0.00440
Mean health 2004 (including the dead)	${\overline{h}}_f$	–	–	0.730***	0.732***	−0.00231
Mean health 2004 (excluding the dead)	${\overline{h}}_f^A$	0.774***	0.774***	0.782***	0.780***	0.00183
Mean income 1999	${\overline{y}}_s^A/{\overline{y}}_s$	21.3***	22.1***	21.3***	22.0***	−0.685
Mean income 2004 (excluding the dead)	${\overline{y}}_f^A$	24.8***	26.0***	25.3***	26.5***	−1.23*
Concentration index 1999	$C{I}_{ss}^A/C{I}_{ss}$	0.0181***	0.0185***	0.0186***	0.0205***	−0.00186
Concentration index 2004	$C{I}_{ff}^A$	0.0240***	0.0276***	0.0220***	0.0261***	−0.00417
Change in concentration index	$\Delta CI$	0.00594*	0.00908***	0.00336	0.00568***	−0.0230
Income-related health mobility	$M_H^A/M_H$	−0.00137	−0.00558***	−0.0198***	−0.0273***	0.00756*
Income-related morbidity mobility	$M_H^{MB}$	–	–	−0.000444	−0.00534***	0.00490
Income-related mortality mobility	$M_H^{MT}$	–	–	−0.0193***	−0.0220***	0.00266
Progressivity index	P	0.0897	0.547***	0.265***	0.419***	−0.154**
Morbidity progressivity	PMB	–	–	0.0271	0.480***	−0.453*
Mortality progressivity	PMT	–	–	0.332***	0.406***	−0.0745
Scale factor	q	−0.0153***	−0.0102***	−0.0747***	−0.0653***	−0.00940
Morbidity scale factor	qMB	–	–	−0.0152***	−0.0104***	−0.00480
Mortality scale factor	qMT	–	–	−0.0543***	−0.0508***	−0.00341
Health-related income mobility	$M_R^A/M_R$	0.00457	0.00351**	−0.0164***	−0.0217***	0.00525
Due to income re-ranking of those still alive	$M_R^{MB}$	–	–	0.00516*	0.00395***	0.00122
Due to income re-ranking as the dead drop-out	$M_R^{MT}$	–	–	−0.0216**	−0.0256***	0.00403

The “Mortality treated as a form of attrition using IPWs” statistics use sample weights that are derived on the basis that death is just another form of attrition whereas “Mortality accounted for explicitly in the decomposition “statistics use sample weights where death is not treated as a form of attrition and instead explicitly accounted for in the decomposition. The lower and upper 95% bootstrapped percentile confidence intervals from 2000 replications can be found in the working paper version (Petrie et al., 2010). Income is measured in thousands of pounds. Note that when the deaths are excluded and just treated as attrition this places greater weight on those remaining individuals who were poor and sick in 1999 compared to when deaths are explicitly included in the analysis. Death is assumed to have a QALY weight of zero.

^*Significant at 10% level.

^**Significant at 5% level.

^***Significant at 1% level.