Figure 2. Subscale scores of the altered states of consciousness (APZ) questionnaire forS-ketamine (n=68; 0.012 mg/kg/min IV), psilocybin (n=99; 0.26 mg/kg PO), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (n=74; 1.5-1.7 mg/kg PO) in healthy volunteers. With the exception of complex hallucinations after MDMA, S-ketamine-, psilocybin-, and MDMA-induced scores are all significant compared with placebo. Values are means±SE, all P<0.05 or less. A. The oceanic boundlessness (OB) scale measures derealization and depersonalization associated with a positive basic mood ranging from heightened feelings to exaltation and alterations in the sense of time. B. The anxious ego-dissolution (AED) scale measures ego-disintegration and loss of autonomy and self-control associated with arousal and anxiety. C. The visionary restructuralization (VR) scale measures alterations in perception and meaning.
