Table I. Chronobiological therapies of major depression. Therapies in italics are for one or two studies only. TSD, total sleep deprivation; PSD, partial sleep deprivation; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SAD, seasonal affective disorder; MD, major depression.
| Steep manipulations | Zeitgabers |
| TSD | Light therapy (SAD) |
| PSD (second half of the night) | Light therapy (nonseasonal MD) |
| Phase actance of the sleep-wake cycle | Light therapy as adjuwant to SSRls (nonseasonal MD) |
| TSD followed by phase advance | Dark or rest therapy (rapid-cyclers) |
| Repeated TSD or PSD | Dark therapy (mania) |
| Repeated TSD or PSD with antidepressants | |
| Single or repeated TSD or PSD plus: | |
| • Light therapy | |
| • Light therapy and phase advance | |
| • rTMS | |
| Single or repeated TSD or PSD plus | |
| • Lithium | |
| • SSRls | |
| • Pindoiot |