Skip to main content
. 2010 Sep;12(3):271–287. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.3/ajablensky

Table II. Karl Leonhard's classification of the non-affective endogenous psychoses.2 .

I. Group of systematic schizophrenias(Insidious onset, auditory and somatic hallucinations, delusions, early blunting of affect, continuous unremitting course, personality deterioration)
Paraphrenias (Auditory hallucinosis, audible thoughts, thought broadcast, passivity experiences, delusional misidentifications, falsifications of memory)
Hebephrenias (Extreme autistic withdrawal, flat affect, impoverished or disorganized speech and behaviour)
Catatonias (Excessive parakinesias, mannerisms, verbigeration, posturing, stereotypies, mutism, auditory hallucinations)
II. Group of unsystematic (atypical) schizophrenias(Rapid onset, relatively preserved affect, remitting course, mild personality deterioration)
Affect-laden paraphrenia (Paranoid delusions with affective loading)
Cataphasia (schizophasia) (Incoherent, pressured speech but well-organised behaviour)
Periodic catatonia (Episodic hyper- or hypokinesia, mixed excitatory and hallucinatory symptoms)
III. Group of cycloid psychoses(Sudden onset, pervasive delusional mood, multimodal hallucinations, labile affect, polarity of manifestations, typically complete recovery from episode)
Anxiety-happiness psychosis (Extreme shifts of affect, polarity intense fear - ecstatic elation)
Motility psychosis (Impulsive hypermotility - psychomotor inhibition)
Confusion psychosis (Incoherent pressure of speech - mutism)