Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population and bivariate OR for the prevalence of hypertension
| Characteristics | By ABPM |
By pre-HD BP |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | no | OR (95% CI) | p value | yes | no | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Patients, n | 303 (82%) | 66 (18%) | 328 (91%) | 34 (9%) | ||||
| Age, years | 54.2±12.5 | 57.5±14.2 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.06 | 54.5±12.7 | 58.5±13.9 | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.09 |
| Males | 198 (65%) | 42 (64%) | 1.08 (0.62–1.88) | 0.8 | 212 (65%) | 23 (68%) | 0.87 (0.41–1.86) | 0.7 |
| Racial category | ||||||||
| Non-African-American | 49 (16%) | 8 (12%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 53 (16%) | 2 (6%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | ||
| African-American | 254 (84%) | 58 (88%) | 0.71 (0.32–1.59) | 0.4 | 275 (84%) | 32 (94%) | 0.32 (0.08–1.39) | 0.1 |
| History of smoking | 0.6 | 0.4 | ||||||
| Current | 99 (33%) | 21 (32%) | 1.18 (0.61–2.27) | 0.6 | 104 (32%) | 14 (41%) | 0.80 (0.35–1.85) | 0.6 |
| Past | 102 (34%) | 18 (27%) | 1.42 (0.72–2.79) | 0.3 | 110 (34%) | 8 (24%) | 1.48 (0.57–3.83) | 0.4 |
| Never | 92 (30%) | 23 (35%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 102 (31%) | 11 (32%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | ||
| History of cardiovascular disease | 104 (34%) | 24 (36%) | 0.86 (0.49–1.51) | 0.6 | 114 (35%) | 11 (32%) | 1.03 (0.48–2.21) | 0.9 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 153 (50%) | 27 (41%) | 1.41 (0.82–2.43) | 0.2 | 167 (51%) | 12 (35%) | 1.83 (0.87–3.83) | 0.1 |
| < 1 year on dialysis | 117 (39%) | 17 (26%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 0.1 | 126 (38%) | 4 (12%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | <0.01 |
| 1–4 years on dialysis | 111 (37%) | 24 (36%) | 0.67 (0.34–1.32) | 0.2 | 121 (37%) | 14 (41%) | 0.27 (0.09–0.86) | 0.03 |
| ≥4 years on dialysis | 74 (24%) | 23 (35%) | 0.47 (0.23–0.93) | 0.03 | 80 (24%) | 15 (44%) | 0.17 (0.05–0.53) | <0.01 |
| Pre-HD weight, kg | 83.8±19.5 | 89.2±23.1 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.05 | 84.8±20.3 | 84.4±19.9 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.9 |
| Post-HD weight, kg | 80.7±18.7 | 85.5±22.5 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.07 | 81.8±19.6 | 81.8±19.2 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1 |
| BMI | 27.4±5.7 | 29.1±6.4 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.04 | 27.7±5.9 | 27.8±5.9 | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 0.9 |
| Etiology of end-stage renal disease | ||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 110 (36%) | 18 (27%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 0.5 | 119 (36%) | 8 (24%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 0.5 |
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 144 (48%) | 31 (47%) | 0.76 (0.40–1.43) | 0.4 | 153 (47%) | 18 (53%) | 0.57 (0.24–1.36) | 0.2 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 16 (5%) | 3 (5%) | 0.87 (0.23–3.30) | 0.8 | 16 (5%) | 3 (9%) | 0.36 (0.09–1.49) | 0.2 |
| Adult autosomal polycystic kidney disease | 4 (1%) | 2 (3%) | 0.33 (0.06–1.92) | 0.2 | 5 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0.34 (0.03–3.23) | 0.3 |
| Other | 25 (8%) | 8 (12%) | 0.51 (0.20–1.31) | 0.2 | 30 (9%) | 2 (6%) | 1.01 (0.20–5.00) | 1 |
| Urea reduction ratio, % | 74.3±7.3 | 74.5±7.8 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.8 | 74.2±7.5 | 74.8±5.4 | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.7 |
| Serum albumin, g/dl | 3.7±0.4 | 3.6±0.4 | 1.55 (0.84–2.85) | 0.2 | 3.7±0.4 | 3.6±0.4 | 1.49 (0.64–3.43) | 0.4 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.1±1.4 | 12.0±1.7 | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 0.5 | 12.1±1.4 | 12.1±1.8 | 1.01 (0.78–1.31) | 0.9 |
| Antihypertensive medications | 270 (89%) | 0 | 266 (81%) | 0 | ||||
| 0 antihypertensives | 33 (11%) | 63 (95%) | 61 (19%) | 33 (97%) | ||||
| 1 antihypertensive | 68 (22%) | 0 | 66 (20%) | 0 | ||||
| 2 antihypertensives | 86 (28%) | 0 | 86 (26%) | 0 | ||||
| 3 antihypertensives | 57 (19%) | 0 | 55 (17%) | 0 | ||||
| ≥4 antihypertensives | 59 (19%) | 0 | 59 (18%) | 0 | ||||
| Aspirin use | 135 (45%) | 20 (30%) | 1.77 (0.99–3.14) | 0.05 | 140 (43%) | 11 (32%) | 1.57 (0.74–3.32) | 0.2 |
| Statin use | 131 (43%) | 20 (30%) | 1.68 (0.94–2.98) | 0.08 | 136 (41%) | 12 (35%) | 1.31 (0.62–2.73) | 0.5 |
| Vitamin D receptor activator use | 108 (36%) | 18 (27%) | 1.42 (0.78–2.56) | 0.3 | 115 (35%) | 10 (29%) | 1.30 (0.60–2.82) | 0.5 |
| Epoetin use | 165 (54%) | 21 (32%) | 2.45 (1.39–4.32) | <0.01 | 172 (52%) | 11 (32%) | 2.32 (1.10–4.91) | 0.03 |
| By post-HD BP |
Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | no | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| 313 (86%) | 49 (14%) | 369 (100%) | ||
| 54.4±12.7 | 58.0±13.9 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.07 | 54.8112.9 |
| 204 (65%) | 31 (63%) | 1.09 (0.58–2.03) | 0.8 | 240 (65%) |
| 51 (16%) | 4 (8%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 57 (15%) | |
| 262 (84%) | 45 (92%) | 0.46 (0.16–1.33) | 0.1 | 312 (85%) |
| 0.6 | ||||
| 100 (32%) | 18 (37%) | 0.98 (0.48–2.02) | 1 | 120 (33%) |
| 105 (34%) | 13 (27%) | 1.43 (0.66–3.10) | 0.4 | 120 (33%) |
| 96 (31%) | 17 (35%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 115 (31%) | |
| 108 (35%) | 17 (35%) | 0.94 (0.50–1.79) | 0.9 | 128 (35%) |
| 162 (52%) | 17 (35%) | 1.97 (1.05–3.70) | 0.04 | 180 (49%) |
| 122 (39%) | 8 (16%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | <0.01 | 134 (36%) |
| 117 (37%) | 18 (37%) | 0.43 (0.18–1.02) | 0.05 | 135 (37%) |
| 73 (23%) | 22 (45%) | 0.22 (0.09–0.51) | <0.001 | 97 (26%) |
| 84.4±20.3 | 87.2120.2 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.4 | 84.8120.2 |
| 81.4±19.5 | 84.3119.5 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.3 | 81.5119.5 |
| 27.5±5.8 | 29.216.2 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.07 | 27.715.9 |
| 114 (36%) | 13 (27%) | 1.00 (réf. cat.) | 0.6 | 128 (35%) |
| 143 (46%) | 28 (57%) | 0.58 (0.29–1.18) | 0.1 | 175 (47%) |
| 16 (5%) | 3 (6%) | 0.61 (0.16–2.37) | 0.5 | 19 (5%) |
| 5 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 0.57 (0.06–5.26) | 0.6 | 6 (2%) |
| 29 (9%) | 3 (6%) | 1.10 (0.29–4.13) | 0.9 | 33 (9%) |
| 74.3±7.4 | 74.116.6 | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.9 | 74.31 7.4 |
| 3.7±0.4 | 3.610.4 | 1.45 (0.72–2.93) | 0.3 | 3.710.4 |
| 12.1±1.4 | 12.311.8 | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | 0.5 | 12.111.5 |
| 266 (85%) | 0 | 270 (73%) | ||
| 46 (15%) | 48 (98%) | 96 (26%) | ||
| 66 (21%) | 0 | 68 (18%) | ||
| 86 (27%) | 0 | 86 (23%) | ||
| 55 (18%) | 0 | 57 (15%) | ||
| 59 (19%) | 0 | 59 (16%) | ||
| 137 (44%) | 14 (29%) | 1.96 (1.01–3.78) | 0.05 | 155 (42%) |
| 132 (42%) | 16 (33%) | 1.51 (0.80–2.86) | 0.2 | 151 (41%) |
| 110 (35%) | 15 (31%) | 1.23 (0.64–2.37) | 0.5 | 126 (34%) |
| 167 (53%) | 16 (33%) | 2.38 (1.26–4.49) | <0.01 | 186 (50%) |
Pre-and postdialysis BP recordings were missing in 7 patients.