Table 2.
Cell Type-Specific Promoters and Enhancers for Transcriptional Targeting in Retroviral Gene Therapy
| Promoter | Target Cell/Tissue | Transgene | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PEPCK promoter | Hepatocyte | Neo, bovine growth hormone | [99] |
| hAAT promoter | Hepatocyte | Alpha I antitrypsin | [100] |
| MMTV-LTR | Mammary gland | TNF-α | [92] |
| MCK promoter | Muscle | β-galactosidase, dystrophin minigene | [101] |
| AFP promoter | Cancer: Hepatocellular carcinomas | HSV-tk, VZV-tk | [102] |
| Tyrosine promoter | Cancer: Melanomas | HSV-tk, IL-2 | [91] |
| Col1a1 promoter | Bone | β-geo (β-gal, neo fusion) | [103] |
| HSP70 promoter | Cancer | Dominant negative IGF-IR | [104] |
| WAP promoter | Cancer: Mammary | β-galactosidase | [105] |
| ppET1 promoter | Cancer: Endothelium | β-galactosidase | [106] |
| AFP enhancer; PGK promoter | Cancer: Hepatocellular carcinomas | HSV-tk | [96] |
| HRE, PGK-1 enhancer; E-selectin, KDR promoter | Cancer: Endothelium | TNF-α, luciferase | [95] |
| HRE enhancer; AFP promoter | Cancer: Hepatocellular carcinomas | HSV-tk, luciferase | [107] |
| Rat alpha-fetoprotein | Human hepatocarcinoma cell | HSV-tk, luciferase | [97] |
| HS2 of erythroid-specific GATA-1 gene; HIV-1 promoter | Mature erythroblasts | GFP | [98] |