Table 1.
Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlationsa Among Predictors and Computation Outcomes (n = 688)
| Raw Score |
Standard Scoreb |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | (SD) | X | (SD) | CBM | LC | Voc. | GC | LF | MR | CF | VM | LR | NR | W | R | |
| Predictors | ||||||||||||||||
| Incoming calculation skill: CBM Computation (CBM) | 12.23 | (6.10) | -- | |||||||||||||
| Language: WDRB listening comp. (LC) | 20.91 | (4.44) | 95.90 | (18.64) | .20 | -- | ||||||||||
| WASI vocabulary (Voc.) | 27.66 | (6.60) | 47.00 | (10.11) | .33 | .52 | -- | |||||||||
| TOLD grammatic closure (GC) | 18.42 | (6.79) | 85.07 | (11.05) | .26 | .50 | .52 | -- | ||||||||
| Language factor (LF) | -0.13 | (2.55) | .32 | .82 | .83 | .82 | -- | |||||||||
| Noverbal reasoning: WASI matrix reasoning (MR) | 15.73 | (6.38) | 49.04 | (11.03) | .26 | .28 | .32 | .30 | .37 | -- | ||||||
| Concept formation: WJ concept formation (CF) | 15.78 | (7.22) | 92.84 | (13.63) | .37 | .43 | .46 | .41 | .52 | .39 | -- | |||||
| Processing speed: WJ visual matching (VM) | 475.13 | (19.46) | 98.11 | (15.49) | .44 | .19 | .19 | .21 | .24 | .25 | .30 | -- | ||||
| Working memory-sentences: WMTB-C listening recall (LR) | 9.77 | (3.23) | 92.16 | (15.94) | .20 | .38 | .38 | .42 | .48 | .27 | .41 | .18 | -- | |||
| Working memory-numerical: WJ numbers reversed (NR) | 9.31 | (2.76) | 95.55 | (13.78) | .21 | .18 | .24 | .24 | .27 | .27 | .29 | .26 | .35 | -- | ||
| Outcomes | ||||||||||||||||
| Whole number computation (W) | 15.63 | (3.10) | .49 | .20 | .28 | .23 | .29 | .30 | .37 | .29 | .26 | .26 | -- | |||
| Rational number computation (R) | 1.82 | (1.50) | .42 | .27 | .36 | .29 | .37 | .32 | .39 | .29 | .27 | .29 | .52 | -- | ||
Note.
a
All correlations significant, p < .01.
CBM = Curriculum-based measurement; WDRB = Woodcock Diagnostic Reading Battery; comp. = Comprehension; WASI = Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; TOLD = Test of Language Development-Primary; WJ = Woodcock-Johnson III; WMTB-C = Working Memory Test Battery-Children.
b
Means and standard deviations for WASI vocabulary and WASI matrix reasoning are reported as T scores.