Table 1. Plant species exploited for live and decayed wood by spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) in continuous forest and forest fragments in the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico.
| Species | Family | GF | Mean % of total feeding time | Density (stems/3000 m2)a | Wi b | ||
| Total | Decayed | Live | |||||
| Continuous forest | |||||||
| Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch | Chrysobalanaceae | Tree | 28.7 | 19.9 (0.03,28,32) | 8.8 (0.3,9,16) | 2 | 24 |
| Strychnos tabascana Seem. | Loganiaceae | Vine | 1.1 | 0 | 1.1 (0,0.2,3) | ― | ― |
| Swietenia humilis Zucc. | Meliaceae | Tree | 0.7 | 0 | 0.7 (0.1,0.8,1) | 2 | 1.9 |
| vines (4 morphospecies) | — | Vine | 0.55 | 0 | 0.34 (0.1,0.2,0.7) | ― | ― |
| Spondias radlkoferi Donn.Sm. | Anacardiaceae | Tree | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 (0,0.02,0.9) | 5 | 0.31 |
| Nectandra reticulata Mez | Lauraceae | Tree | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 (0,0,0.3) | 4 | 0.13 |
| Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni | Sapotaceae | Tree | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 (0,0,0.4) | 7 | 0.08 |
| Brosimum alicastrum Sw. | Moracaeae | Tree | 0.03 | 0 | 0.03 (0,0,0.1) | 5 | 0.03 |
| Guarea glabra Vahl | Meliaceae | Tree | 0.03 | 0 | 0.03 (0,0,0.1) | 27 | 0.01 |
| Hirtella americana L. | Chrysobalanaceae | Tree | 0.02 | 0 | 0.02 (0,0,0.05) | 1 | 0.11 |
| Lonchocarupus sp. | Fabaceae | Tree | 0.02 | 0 | 0.02 (0,0,0.06) | 1 | 0.11 |
| Luehea seemannii Triana & Planch | Malvaceae | Tree | 0.02 | 0 | 0.02 (0,0,0.06) | 2 | 0.05 |
| Total | 31.5 | 19.9 | 11.6 | 52 | |||
| Fragments | |||||||
| Ficus spp. (2 spp.) | Moracaeae | Tree | 10 | 10.0 (0,8,22) | 0 | ― | |
| Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch | Chrysobalanaceae | Tree | 3.3 | 1.3 (0,0.6,3) | 2.0 (0,2,4) | 6 | 3.9 |
| vines (3 morphospecies) | — | Vine | 0.37 | 0 | 0.4 (0,0.4,0.7) | ― | |
| Blepharidium guatemalense Standl. | Rubiaceae | Tree | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 (0,0,0.8) | 3 | 1.18 |
| Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer | Meliaceae | Tree | 0.2 | 0 | 0.2 (0,0,0.6) | 8 | 0.3 |
| Mouriri myrtilloides (Sw.) Poir. | Melastomataceae | Tree | 0.07 | 0 | 0.07 (0,0,0.2) | 2 | 0.41 |
| Psychotria sp. | Rubiaceae | Shrub | 0.03 | 0 | 0.03 (0,0,0.1) | 1 | 0.36 |
| Castilla elastica Cerv. | Moracaeae | Tree | 0.02 | 0 | 0.02 (0,0,0.07) | 4 | 0.06 |
| Cupania dentata Moç. & Sessé ex DC. | Sapindaceae | Tree | 0.02 | 0 | 0.02 (0,0,0.07) | 1 | 0.24 |
| Luehea seemannii Triana & Planch | Malvaceae | Tree | 0.02 | 0 | 0.02 (0,0,0.05) | 2 | 0.11 |
| Spondias radlkoferi Donn.Sm. | Anacardiaceae | Tree | 0.02 | 0 | 0.02 (0,0,0.06) | 5 | 0.05 |
| Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) Schult. | Rubiaceae | Tree | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 (0,0,0.03) | 0 | 119 |
| Total | 14.4 | 10.7 | 3.01 | 32 | |||
Species are listed by order of importance in the diet.
a
Only trees with ≥10 cm in diameter at breast height were considered (see further details in Chaves et al [24]). Although dead standing trees were not observed during the vegetation samplings, our observations through the home ranges of each monkey group indicated that their density was ca. 0.03 trunks/10,000 m2 in both habitat types.
b
Index of preference. See Methods.
Plant growth form (GF) and average percentage of total feeding time (%TFT). The %TFT for the three study sites is indicated in parenthesis.