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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 29.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Physiol Biochem. 2006 Oct-Dec;112(4-5):219–227. doi: 10.1080/13813450601093443

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Hcy increases iNOS/NO, superoxide, metalloproteinase activity, and disrupts connexin-43, exacerbates endothelial-myocyte uncoupling and cardiac failure secondary to inducing NMDA-R1. In mitochondria Hcy decreases thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin and SOD and increases NADPH oxidase increasing ROS and RNS.