Table 1.
Summary of patients included in the study
| Patient no. | Age (yrs) | Sex | Disease | Bisphosphonate | Duration of treatment (months) | Co-morbidities | Clinical presentation | Dental co-morbidities | Radiography | Management | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 65 | F | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 20 | Chemotherapy, steroids | Symptomatic exposed bone in anterior mandible and posterior maxilla, indurated submental orocutaneous fistula (Stage 3) | Ill-fitting dentures | Osteolysis | Stopped zoledronate; surgical incision and drainage; surgical debridement of exposed bone; antibiotic treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash; replacing old denture | Asymptomatic bony exposure in the mandible |
| 2 | 73 | M | Multiple myeloma | Pamidronate | 2 | Steroids | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3 | 63 | M | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 5 | Chemotherapy | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4 | 29 | F | Lung cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 48 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | Poor oral hygiene | – | Deceased | |
| 5 | 75 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 7 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | – | – | – | – |
| 6 | 69 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 20 | Chemotherapy, steroids | Symptomatic exposed lingual aspect of body/ramus in the right mandible (Stage 2) | Periodontally involved lower right second molar | Osteolysis | Stopped zoledronate; surgical debridement of exposed bone; extraction of the lower right second molar; antibiotic treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | Asymptomatic bony exposure in the mandible |
| 7 | 58 | F | Multiple myeloma and osteoporosis | Zoledronate and alendronate | 28 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | Poor oral hygiene, multiple carious teeth and mandibular tori | – | – | – |
| 8 | 72 | F | Breast cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 14 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 9 | 55 | F | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 24 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | – | – | – | – |
| 10 | 45 | F | Breast cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 11 | 45 | F | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 5 | Steroids | – | – | – | – | – |
| 12 | 77 | M | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 6 | Steroids | – | – | – | – | – |
| 13 | 50 | F | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 4 | Steroids | – | Dental abscess | – | – | – |
| 14 | 46 | F | Brest cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 3 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | Localised periodontal disease | – | – | – |
| 15 | 67 | F | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 6 | Steroids | – | Localised periodontal disease | – | – | – |
| 16 | 45 | F | Breast cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 8 | Chemotherapy | – | – | – | – | – |
| 17 | 55 | F | Breast cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 8 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | Generalised recession | – | – | – |
| 18 | 66 | F | Breast cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 19 | 66 | F | Breast cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 18 | Chemotherapy | – | – | – | – | – |
| 20 | 72 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 36 | Chemotherapy, radiotherap | Small asymptomatic area of exposed bone at the site of impacted third molar in the maxilla (Stage 1) | Pericoronitis and periodontal disease | Osteosclerosis | Periodontal treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash; antibiotic treatment | No change |
| 21 | 88 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 2 | Chemotherapy | – | – | – | – | – |
| 22 | 77 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 36 | Chemotherapy | – | – | – | – | – |
| 23 | 75 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 12 | Chemotherapy | – | – | – | – | – |
| 24 | 61 | F | Ovarian cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 3 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | – | – | – | – |
| 25 | 50 | F | Breast cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 4 | Chemotherapy | – | Gingivitis | – | Periodontal treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | – |
| 26 | 82 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 2 | – | – | Periodontitis, multiple carious teeth | – | Antibiotics; periodontal treatment; dental extractions; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | – |
| 27 | 62 | F | Breast cancer | Zoledronate | 8 | Chemotherapy | – | Chronic dental infection | – | Antibiotics; dental extractions; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | – |
| 28 | 60 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 6 | – | – | Ill-fitting dentures | – | Construction of new dentures | – |
| 29 | 73 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 1 | – | – | Multiple carious teeth | – | Periodontal treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | – |
| 30 | 74 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 48 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 31 | 75 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 32 | 66 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 33 | 67 | F | Breast cancer | Zoledronate | 48 | – | – | Gingivitis | – | Periodontal treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | – |
| 34 | 56 | F | Breast cancer | Zoledronate | 24 | Renal failure | – | Gingivitis | – | Periodontal treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | – |
| 35 | 69 | F | Breast cancer | Zoledronate | 2 | Radiotherapy | – | – | – | – | – |
| 36 | 57 | F | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 2 | Diabetes mellitus | – | Gingivitis | – | Periodontal treatment; oral hygiene practices; mouth wash | – |
| 37 | 68 | F | Breast cancer | Zoledronate | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 38 | 47 | F | Breast cancer | Zoledronate | 11 | – | – | Gingivitis and carious teeth | – | – | – |
| 39 | 71 | F | Multiple myeloma | Zoledronate | 18 | Chemotherapy, steroids | Symptomatic exposed bone in the premolar region of the right maxilla (Stage 2) | Ill-fitting dentures | – | Stopped zoledronate; surgical debridement of exposed bone; antibiotic treatment; mouth wash; replacing old denture | Asymptomatic bony exposure |
| – | |||||||||||
| 40 | 68 | M | Prostate cancer with bone metastasis | Zoledronate | 5 | Chemotherapy, steroids | – | – | – | – | – |
| 41 | 60 | FM | Breast cancer | Zoledronate | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – |