Table 1.

Patient characteristics and laboratory data

	group A	group B	P value
	n = 31	n = 67
patient characteristics
Age (years)	79.09 ± 3.49	61.69 ± 6.37	< .0001
Gender			0.14
male	16	45
female	15	22
Body mass index	23.04 ± 3.85	22.82 ± 3.84	0.8
Comorbidity
Hypertension	13	20	0.24
Hyperlipoproteinemia	5	7	0.42
Diabetes mellitus	5	12	0.83
Cardiac disease	2	5	0.86
Plumonary disease	1	1	0.57
Chronic renal disease	1	0	0.14
cerebral disease	0	3	0.23
Other	1	0	0.14
Preoperative biliary drainage
Yes	24	48	0.55
No	7	19
Diagnosis
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	8	31	0.08
Cholangiocarcinoma	15	22
Ampullary carcinoma	5	3
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm	2	4
Duodenal carcinoma	0	3
Gastric carcinoma	1	0
Duodenal invasion of colon carcinoma	0	1
Other	0	3
Laboratory data
Hemoglobin	12.20 ± 1.81	14.24 ± 15.42	0.46
Total bilirubin	6.90 ± 7.10	4.85 ± 5.01	0.16
Amylase	91.48 ± 44.93	153.48 ± 234.91	0.15
Hemoglobin A1c	5.70 ± 2.08	6.29 ± 2.03	0.32