Table 3.

Associations between parental alcohol use and attention and conduct problems, adjusting for all covariates

		Attention			Conduct
	N	d		95% C.I.	d		95% C.I.
Maternal alcohol
Abuse	130	0.13		-0.08 - 0.33	0.17		-0.04 - 0.39
At risk	748	0.04		-0.04 - 0.12	0.03		-0.05 - 0.11
Abstainer	474	-0.05		-0.15 - 0.04	-0.09		-0.19 - 0.01
Missing response	2714	0.02		-0.05 - 0.08	0.02		-0.05 - 0.08
Light drinking	4448	0			0
Paternal alcohol
Abuse	209	0.12		-0.03 - 0.28	0.05		-0.11 - 0.21
At risk	770	0.02		-0.05 - 0.10	0.04		-0.05 - 0.12
Abstainer	269	0.01		-0.11 - 0.13	0.14	*	0.01 - 0.27
Missing response	3861	0.04		-0.03 - 0.10	0.04		-0.02 - 0.11
Light drinking	3405	0			0
Adolescent mental distress
Distressed	1325	0.79	***	0.72 - 0.85	0.38	***	0.32 - 0.44
Not distressed	7189	0			0
Maternal mental distress
Distressed	677	0.06		-0.02 - 0.14	0.00		-0.08 - 0.08
Missing response	1658	0.01		-0.07 - 0.08	-0.07		-0.15 - 0.01
Not distressed	6198	0			0
Paternal mental distress			*
Distressed	559	0.11	**	0.03 - 0.20	0.06		-0.03 - 0.15
Missing response	2739	0.02		-0.05 - 0.09	0.06		-0.01 - 0.14
Not distressed	5237	0			0
Relationship dissolution
Dissolved	1841	0.14	***	0.08 - 0.20	0.09	**	0.03 - 0.15
Married or cohabiting	6673	0			0
Number of friends						***
None	138	0.18		-0.02 - 0.37	-0.34	***	-0.50 - -0.17
One	401	0.08		-0.02 - 0.18	-0.24	***	-0.34 - -0.14
Two or three	2735	-0.01		-0.06 - 0.03	-0.15	***	-0.20 - -0.11
Four or more	5240	0			0
Seen parents drunk			***			***
A few times a week	110	0.56	***	0.30 - 0.81	0.62	***	0.37 - 0.87
A few times a month	447	0.41	***	0.31 - 0.52	0.46	***	0.35 - 0.56
A few times a year	1736	0.20	***	0.15 - 0.26	0.33	***	0.27 - 0.39
A few times	3147	0.18	***	0.13 - 0.22	0.23	***	0.18 - 0.28
Never	3074	0			0

Controlled for demography (adolescent age and sex; parental age, education and income).

Cohen's d express group differences as fractions of standard deviations.

* = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001.